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psych 202 > Chapter 11: Motivation > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

ID

A

we are born pure ID
most primitive
needs immediate gratification
source of libido (psychic energy)

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2
Q

EGO

A

reality principle
structure of personality
balances the ID and Super Ego

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3
Q

SUPER EGO

A

internalized parent
constantly saying no
stops ID
2 Aspects:
1. Ego Ideal: who we should be
2. Conscience: how we should behave

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4
Q

Oral Stage of Psychosexual Development

A

mouth is erogenous zone
conflict = giving up breast
oral aggressive: hostel, angry person, sarcastic
oral dependent: naïve, gullible, will swallow anything

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5
Q

Anal Stage of Psychosexual Development

A

feels good to fill diaper
conflict: potty training
anal retentive: hold everything in, organized, very neat
ana expulsive: messy, sloppy, disorganized, extraverted

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6
Q

Phallic Stage of Psychosexual Develpoment

A

conflict: sexual desire for parent
Oedipus: boy loves penis, sexually attacked to mom, dad is problem, resolves to maybe I can be like dad and get a girl like mom so relates to dad

Electra: girl has penis envy, wants daddy for penis, gives up attraction to dad when she learns that she will never get penis and identifies with mom

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7
Q

Latency Stage of Psychosexual Development

A

no thoughts about sex until puberty

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8
Q

Genital Stage of Psychosexual Development

A

puberty and forward
no problems

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9
Q

Karen Horney

A

women have power envy not penis envy
girls want to have power like men
- more dreams with phallic imagery in societies where women have less power

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10
Q

Repression

A

don’t’ think about uncomfortable thoughts

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11
Q

Denial

A

pretend like uncomfortable thought don’t exist

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12
Q

Projection

A

place uncomfortable feelings on someone else (deny feelings and make someone the problem)

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13
Q

Reaction Formation

A

express complete opposite of how we are feeling

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14
Q

Regression

A

go back to earlier stage of development (throw a temper tantrum)

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15
Q

Rationalization

A

give explanation for emotions

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16
Q

Displacement

A

put feelings onto something else that what the feelings are actually directed at (mad at boss so kick to dog)

17
Q

Identification

A

identify with someone more powerful (copy the cool kids)

18
Q

Sublimation

A

BEST ONE
direct emotions to more beneficial behaviors

19
Q

Compare personality inventories and projective techniques

A

Personality Inventories: rely on self reporting, people provide information on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, scales are devised to assess a whole range of personalities, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is popular test, PROBLEM: we don’t know everything about ourselves to self report

Projective Techniques: reveal inner aspects of an individuals’ personalities by analysis of their responses to a standard series of stimuli, inkblot, or how we make up stories about people in pictures (TAT), PROBLEM: observer interpretation

20
Q

Describe how the trait approach to personality has changed over time

A

Started with looking for adjectives that could describe personality- highest levels are called FACTORS

Narrowed it down from 16,000 to 5

21
Q

Allport

A

idea that we can describe people in terms of traits

22
Q

Cattell

A

16 factory theory of personality

23
Q

Eysenck

A

3 major traits (extroversion, neuroticism (emotional stable), psychoticism (impulsive or hostile))

24
Q

Big Five Factor Model

A
  1. Openness to Experience
  2. Conscientiousness
  3. Extraversion
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Neuroticism
25
Q

Explain the biological basis for personality traits.

A

Genetics: people with more similar personalities have more common genes- not due to parenting differences

Traits in the Brain: difference due to cortical arousal in reticular formation

extraverts- seek social interaction to stimulate (Behavioral Activation System (BAS) is go system)

introverts- seek quieter activities because they are stimulated more easily (Behavior Inhibition System (BIS) stop system)

26
Q

Explain how defense mechanisms reduce anxiety

A

reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses (our unconscious impulses that are not acceptable to act upon)

27
Q

Describe the humanistic-existential approach to personality

A

Humanistic: positive view of human nature
Existentialist: individual as a responsible agent free to create life or death

Focus son self actualization tendency: human motivation to realizing our inner potential

we need to orient around the right goals for us (want to live in the flow area so that we are challenged to our abelites but not board or anxious)

Existential approach: personality governed by choices in the context of realities of life and death

proposes that personality develops as a person strives for personal growth, while at the same time negotiating the reality of death.

28
Q

Explain the role of self-actualization and angst in personality development.

A

Self Actualization: need life to match goals to be happy, want to be in the flow

Angst: anxiety of accepting the responsibility of making free choices

being loved can relive the angst

29
Q

Describe the social-cognitive approach to personality

A

personality in terms of how a person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

core: person-situation controversy (is behavior personality or situational factors) BOTH, come situation are more powerful than others

30
Q

Explain how personal constructs are key to personality differences.

A

Personal Constructs: dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences

different responses to situations with the idea that people experience and interpret the world in different ways

31
Q

Describe the features that make up the self-concept

A

Self Concept: person’s explicit knowledge of his own behaviors traits and characteristics

  1. Self Narrative (story we tell about ourselves)
  2. Personality Traits (how you judge yourself)

These are not always well integrated.

As we age, we care less about what other people think about us.

32
Q

Identify three possible reasons we desire self-esteem.

A
  1. Social Status
  2. Belonging
  3. Secutiry
33
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

!

34
Q

cardinal and secondary traits

A

!

35
Q

surface and source traits

A

!

36
Q

Jeffrey Gray - BAS/BIS

A

BAS= go system, extraverts more sensitive
BIS= stop system, introverts more sensitive

psych 202 (12 decks)

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