Chapter 1 Flashcards
Dualism
view that the mind and body are different things
“non physical soul”
Materialism
view that all mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena
all thoughts/feelings are response to activity in brain (mind is what the brain does
Realism
perceptions of physical world are produced entirely by information form sensory organs
Idealism
perceptions of physical world are brain’s INTERPRETATION of information from sensory organs
(uses everything else we know plus info from organs to create perception)
Empiricism
all knowledge is acquired through experience
(blank slate)
Nativism
some knowledge id innate rather than acquired
(space, time, causality, number)
Structuralism
approach to psych that attempted to isolate and analyze the mind’s basic elements
(break mind down like periodic table)
Introspection
Analysis of subjective experienced by trained observers
(structuralists used this and believed that reports from trained observers after being exposed to stimuli could revile building blocks of the mind)
Functionalism
approach to psych that emphasized the adaptive significance of mental process
how is the mind changed by experiences (can’t step in the same river twice” aka mind is always changing)
Evolutionary Psychology
The mind can undergo natural selection just like other physical traits
Psychoanalytic Theory
emphasizes the influence of the unconscious on feelings and thoughts and behaviors
Psychoanalysis
Therapy that aims to five people insight into the contents of their unconscious
(can learn about the mind from dreams)
Behavioralism
idea that psychology should be the study of stimulus and response
(the only thing that should matter is observable behavior)
WATSON CAME UP WITH THIS IDEA
Principal of Reinforcement
Skinner
any behavior that is rewarded will be repeated and any behavior that isn’t won’t
(rats learn to find food in cage and kept repeating that behavior)
Gestalt Psychology
approach to psychology that emphasized in way the mind creates perceptual experience
(why we see things that are not there or remember things that didn’t happen)
memory is not a simple recording device; rather, our minds use their theories of how the world usually works to construct our memories of past experience
Developmental Psychology
study of ways in which psychological phenomena change over life span
(children see the world differently because they don’t know the same theories yet)
Social Psychology
Behavior is not a function of the environment, but of the person’s subjective construal of the environment. Responses do not depend on stimuli, as the behaviorists claimed; rather, they depend on how people think about those stimuli.
How do people think about/create beliefs, stereotypes, identities etc..
Cognitive Psychology
the study of human information processing
how does the brain take in information and what does it do with that information
Cognitive Neuroscience
relationship between brain and mind
Behavioral Neuroscience
relationship between the brain and behavior
Cultural Psychology
how culture influences mental life
Wihlem Wundt
Father of Psychology
Structuralism
William James
First American Psychologist
Functionalism
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis (the Mind does not know itself)
Palov
Trained dogs to salivate to a bell
John Broadus Watson
Behavioralism
B.F Skinner
Principle of Reinforcement
Kurt Lewin
Social Psychology
Max Wertheimer
Gestalt Psychology
Frederic Bartlett
Bartlett argued that memory is not a simple recording device; rather, our minds use their theories of how the world usually works to construct our memories of past experience
Jean Piaget
Developmental Psychology
John Garcia
Evolutionary Psychology
psychodynamic
relationship between conscious and unconscious motivation
psychoanalytic
based on freud’s psychoanalytic theories
