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Chem 131 > Chapter 2.8 Formulas, Names, and Masses of Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 2.8 Formulas, Names, and Masses of Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Charge of alkali metals, halogens

A

monatomic ions of main group elements have the same ionic charge

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2
Q

Binary Ionic Compounds (Names)

A

All Ionic Compounds:

1. names and formulas give the positive ion (cation) first and the negative ion (anion) second

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3
Q

Binary Ionic Compounds (Name of the cation and anion)

A
  • the name of the cation is the name of the metal

* the name of the anion has the suffix -ide added to the root of the name of the nonmetal

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4
Q

Example of an anion formed from bromine

A

Bromide

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5
Q

Example of compound formed from metal calcium and nonmetal bromine

A

Calcium Bromide

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6
Q

Charge of Silver

A

Ag+2

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7
Q

Charge of Zinc

A

Zn+2

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8
Q

Charge of cadmium

A

Cd +2

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9
Q

Halogen with Oxygen (name)

A

halogen is named first

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10
Q

Elements in the same group (name)

A

one with higher period # is named first

ex. Sulfur + Oxygen = SO3, Sulfur Trioxide

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11
Q

Suffix of common metal ion names

A
  1. -ous for the ion with the lower charge

2. -ic for the ion with the higher charge

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12
Q

Metals that form more than one Monatomic ion

A 
Cr3+
Cu+
Cu2+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Pb2+
Hg2+
Sn2+
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13
Q

Cuprous

A

Cu+, Copper

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14
Q

Cupric

A

Cu2+, Copper (II)

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15
Q

Ferrous

A

Fe+2, Iron (II)

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16
Q

Ferric

A

Fe+3, Iron (III)

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17
Q

Oxoanions

A

those in which an element, usually a nonmetal, i s bonded to one of more oxygen atom

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18
Q

Naming with two oxoanions in the family

A
  • the ion with more O atoms take the nonmetal root and the suffix -ate
  • The ion with fewer O atoms take the nonmental root and the suffix -ite
    ex. SO4²- = sulfate ion
    ex. SO3²- = sulfite ion
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19
Q

Naming with four oxoanions in the family

A
  • ion with most O atoms has the prefix per-, the nonmetal root, and the suffix -ate
    ex. ClO4^- = perchlorate
  • the ion with one fewer O atom has just the root and the suffix -ate
    ex. ClO3^- = Chlorate
  • the ion with two fewer O atoms has just the root and the suffix -ite
    ex. ClO2^- = Chlorite
  • the ion with the least O atoms has the prefix hypo-, the root, and the suffix -ite
    ex. ClO^- = Hypochlorite
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20
Q

hydrates

A

ionic compounds with a specific # of water molecules in each formula unit

  • shown after a centered dot in the formula
    ex. MgSO4 · 7H2O = magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
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21
Q

Prefix 1

A

mono-

22
Q

Prefix 2

A

di-

23
Q

Prefix 3

A

tri-

24
Q

Prefix 4

A

tetra

25
Q

Prefix 5

A

penta

26
Q

Prefix 6

A

hexa-

27
Q

Prefix 7

A

hepta

28
Q

Prefix 8

A

octa-

29
Q

Prefix 9

A

nona-

30
Q

Prefix 10

A

deca-

31
Q

Binary ACID Solutions

A

Prefix (hydro) + nonmetal root + suffix (-ic) + seperate word acid
ex. Hydro + chlor + ic + acid = Hydrochloric Acid

32
Q

Oxoacid

A 
Refer to those of oxoanions BUT...
* -ate becomes -ic 
*-ite becomes -ous
*hypo- and per- are retained
ex. BrO4 = perbromate BUT
HBrO4 = perbromic acid
33
Q

Example of an oxoacid

A 
IO2 = iodite BUT
HIO2 = iodous acid
34
Q

Binary covalent compounds

A

formed by the combination of two nonmetals (ex. NH3, CH4, H2O)

35
Q

Naming Binary COVALENT Compounds

A

element with lower group # in the period table comes first in the name, element with higher group # comes second & is named with its root and the suffix -ide

36
Q

hydrocarbons

A

simplest type of organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen:
*alkanes = simplest type of hydrocarbon

37
Q

Methane

A

CH4

38
Q

Ethane

A

C2H6

39
Q

Propane

A

C3H8

40
Q

Butane

A

C4H10

41
Q

Pentane

A

C5H12

42
Q

Hexane

A

C6H12

43
Q

Heptane

A

C7H16

44
Q

Octane

A

C8H18

45
Q

Nonane

A

C9H20

46
Q

Decane

A

C10H22

47
Q

molecular mass

A

period table + formula of a compound

*sum of atomic masses

48
Q

Example of molecular mass

A

H2O = (2 x Atomic mass of H) + (1 x atomic mass of O)

49
Q

Molecular formula

A

uses element symbol and, often numerical subscripts to five the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound
ex. water = H2O

50
Q

Structural Formula

A

shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule
ex. water = H-O-H

51
Q

Ball and Stick Model

A

balls and sticks, angles are accurate

Chem 131 (20 decks)

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