Chapter 2.8 Formulas, Names, and Masses of Compounds

Question 1

Charge of alkali metals, halogens

Answer 1

monatomic ions of main group elements have the same ionic charge

Question 2

Binary Ionic Compounds (Names)

Answer 2

All Ionic Compounds:

1. names and formulas give the positive ion (cation) first and the negative ion (anion) second

Question 3

Binary Ionic Compounds (Name of the cation and anion)

Answer 3

• the name of the cation is the name of the metal

* the name of the anion has the suffix -ide added to the root of the name of the nonmetal

Question 4

Example of an anion formed from bromine

Answer 4

Bromide

Question 5

Example of compound formed from metal calcium and nonmetal bromine

Answer 5

Calcium Bromide

Question 6

Charge of Silver

Answer 6

Ag+2

Question 7

Charge of Zinc

Answer 7

Zn+2

Question 8

Charge of cadmium

Answer 8

Cd +2

Question 9

Halogen with Oxygen (name)

Answer 9

halogen is named first

Question 10

Elements in the same group (name)

Answer 10

one with higher period # is named first

ex. Sulfur + Oxygen = SO3, Sulfur Trioxide

Question 11

Suffix of common metal ion names

Answer 11

1. -ous for the ion with the lower charge

2. -ic for the ion with the higher charge

Question 12

Metals that form more than one Monatomic ion

Answer 12

Cr3+
Cu+
Cu2+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Pb2+
Hg2+
Sn2+

Question 13

Cuprous

Answer 13

Cu+, Copper

Question 14

Cupric

Answer 14

Cu2+, Copper (II)

Question 15

Ferrous

Answer 15

Fe+2, Iron (II)

Question 16

Ferric

Answer 16

Fe+3, Iron (III)

Question 17

Oxoanions

Answer 17

those in which an element, usually a nonmetal, i s bonded to one of more oxygen atom

Question 18

Naming with two oxoanions in the family

Answer 18

• the ion with more O atoms take the nonmetal root and the suffix -ate
• The ion with fewer O atoms take the nonmental root and the suffix -ite
  ex. SO4²- = sulfate ion
  ex. SO3²- = sulfite ion

Question 19

Naming with four oxoanions in the family

Answer 19

• ion with most O atoms has the prefix per-, the nonmetal root, and the suffix -ate
  ex. ClO4^- = perchlorate
• the ion with one fewer O atom has just the root and the suffix -ate
  ex. ClO3^- = Chlorate
• the ion with two fewer O atoms has just the root and the suffix -ite
  ex. ClO2^- = Chlorite
• the ion with the least O atoms has the prefix hypo-, the root, and the suffix -ite
  ex. ClO^- = Hypochlorite

Question 20

hydrates

Answer 20

ionic compounds with a specific # of water molecules in each formula unit

• shown after a centered dot in the formula
  ex. MgSO4 · 7H2O = magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

Question 21

Prefix 1

Answer 21

mono-

Question 22

Prefix 2

Answer 22

di-

Question 23

Prefix 3

Answer 23

tri-

Question 24

Prefix 4

Answer 24

tetra

Question 25

Prefix 5

Answer 25

penta

Question 26

Prefix 6

Answer 26

hexa-

Question 27

Prefix 7

Answer 27

hepta

Question 28

Prefix 8

Answer 28

octa-

Question 29

Prefix 9

Answer 29

nona-

Question 30

Prefix 10

Answer 30

deca-

Question 31

Binary ACID Solutions

Answer 31

Prefix (hydro) + nonmetal root + suffix (-ic) + seperate word acid ex. Hydro + chlor + ic + acid = Hydrochloric Acid

Question 32

Oxoacid

Answer 32

``` Refer to those of oxoanions BUT... * -ate becomes -ic *-ite becomes -ous *hypo- and per- are retained ex. BrO4 = perbromate BUT HBrO4 = perbromic acid ```

Question 33

Example of an oxoacid

Answer 33

``` IO2 = iodite BUT HIO2 = iodous acid ```

Question 34

Binary covalent compounds

Answer 34

formed by the combination of two nonmetals (ex. NH3, CH4, H2O)

Question 35

Naming Binary COVALENT Compounds

Answer 35

element with lower group # in the period table comes first in the name, element with higher group # comes second & is named with its root and the suffix -ide

Question 36

hydrocarbons

Answer 36

simplest type of organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen: *alkanes = simplest type of hydrocarbon

Question 37

Methane

Answer 37

CH4

Question 38

Ethane

Answer 38

C2H6

Question 39

Propane

Answer 39

C3H8

Question 40

Butane

Answer 40

C4H10

Question 41

Pentane

Answer 41

C5H12

Question 42

Hexane

Answer 42

C6H12

Question 43

Heptane

Answer 43

C7H16

Question 44

Octane

Answer 44

C8H18

Question 45

Nonane

Answer 45

C9H20

Question 46

Decane

Answer 46

C10H22

Question 47

molecular mass

Answer 47

period table + formula of a compound | *sum of atomic masses

Question 48

Example of molecular mass

Answer 48

H2O = (2 x Atomic mass of H) + (1 x atomic mass of O)

Question 49

Molecular formula

Answer 49

uses element symbol and, often numerical subscripts to five the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound ex. water = H2O

Question 50

Structural Formula

Answer 50

shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule ex. water = H-O-H

Question 51

Ball and Stick Model

Answer 51

balls and sticks, angles are accurate