Chapter 28,

Question 1

In stage 1 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, there is a transfer of acetyl CoA from_______ to cytoplasm

Answer 1

mitochondria

Question 2

In stage 2 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, is where activation of acetyl CoA, in a two-step reaction, to ____________

Answer 2

malonyl CoA

Question 3

In stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, there is an elongation of the ______ ______

Answer 3

carbon chain

Question 4

Acetyl CoA, the end product of fatty acid degradation, is the ______ for virtually all fatty acids

Answer 4

precursor

Question 5

the biochemical challenge of fatty acid synthesis is to link the two-carbon units together and reduce the carbon atoms to produce ________, a C16 fatty acid

Answer 5

Palmitate

Question 6

What is the site of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

In Step one of Fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is transported in the form of ______, which is cleaved to yield acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.

Answer 7

Citrate

Question 8

In Step one of Fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is transported in the form of citrate, which is cleaved by ________ to yield acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate

Answer 8

ATP-citrate lyase

Question 9

In Step one of Fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is transported in the form of citrate, which is cleaved by ATP-citrate lyase to yield acetyl CoA and ________

Answer 9

oxaloacetate

Question 10

The transport and cleavage reaction of step 1 must occur ____ times to provide all of the (NADPH) carbon atoms required for palmitate synthesis.

Answer 10

8 times

Question 11

In stage 1, during the transfer of acetyl CoA to the cytoplasm, NADH is converted at Malate to become ______

Answer 11

NADPH

Question 12

The synthesis of palmitate requires 14 molecules of ______ as week as the expenditure of ATP

Answer 12

NADPH

Question 13

One molecule of NADPH is generated for each molecule of acetyl CoA that is transferred from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Hence, 8 molecules of NADPH are formed when * molecules of acetyl CoA are transferred to the cytoplasm for the synthesis of palmitate. The additional 6 molecules of NADPH required for the synthesis of palmitate come from the ____ ____ _____

Answer 13

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (HMP SHUNT)

Question 14

Malonyl CoA is the ______ ____ of acetyl CoA

Answer 14

activated form

Question 15

Malonyl CoA is the _____ ______ for all but two of the carbon atoms of palmitic acid (C16)

Answer 15

carbon donor

Question 16

The combination of Acetyl CoA with HCO3- to synthesis of malonyl CoAis the irreversible reaction that is the ________ _____ in fatty acid synthesis

Answer 16

committed step

Question 17

In stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is catalyzed by ________ _________, the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, to form Malonyl CoA

Answer 17

acetyl CoA Carboxylase

Question 18

In the stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis, the first step involves a carboxybiotin intermediate that is formed at the expense of the hydrolysis of a molecule of ______. The second step is the activated CO2 group is then transferred to acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

In the stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis, the first step involves a carboxybiotin intermediate that is formed at the expense of the hydrolysis of a molecule of ATP. The second step is the activated ___ _______ is then transferred to acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA

Answer 19

CO2 group

Question 20

What consists of a series of condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions?

Answer 20

Stage 3 of fatty acid synthesis

Question 21

In stage 3 What is the name of the enzyme system that catalyzes the synthesis of saturated long-chain fatty acids from acetyl CoA, malonyl CoA, and NADPH?

Answer 21

Fatty Acid synthase

Question 22

Fatty Acid synthase is actually a _______ _______ _______, each of which has a different function in fatty acid synthesis.

Answer 22

complex of distinct enzymes,

Question 23

In bacteria, the enzyme complex catalyzes all but the activation step of fatty acid synthesis. The elongation phase of fatty acid synthesis in baceria starts when acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA react with a scaffold protein called ____ ______ _______, forming acetyl ACP and malonyl ACP

Answer 23

acyl carrier protein ACP

Question 24

Acyl carrier protein, a single polypeptide chain of 77 residues, can be regarded as a giant prosthetic group or a ______

Answer 24

macro CoA

Question 25

In Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Acetyl ACP and Malonyl ACP react to the_______ reaction to form Acetoacetyl ACP

Answer 25

condensation

Question 26

In Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Acetyl ACP and Malonyl ACP react to the condensation reaction to form _______

Answer 26

Acetoacetyl ACP

Question 27

In Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Acetoacetyl ACP is ______ by NADPH to NADP+ to form D-3-Hydroxbutyryl ACP

Answer 27

Reduced

Question 28

In Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, Acetoacetyl ACP is reduced by NADPH to NAD+ to form _________

Answer 28

D-3-Hydroxbutyryl ACP

Question 29

In Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, D-3-Hydroxybutyryl ACP is then _____ to form Crotonyl ACP

Answer 29

dehydrated

Question 30

In Stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, D-3-Hydroxybutyryl ACP is then dehydrated to form ______

Answer 30

Crotonyl ACP

Question 31

In Stage 3 off Fatty Acid Synthesis, Crotonyl ACP is ______ by NADPH to NADP+ to form Butyryl ACP

Answer 31

reduced

Question 32

In Stage 3 off Fatty Acid Synthesis, Crotonyl ACP is reduced by NADPH to NADP+ to form _______

Answer 32

Butyryl ACP