Chapter 28, Flashcards
In stage 1 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, there is a transfer of acetyl CoA from_______ to cytoplasm
mitochondria
In stage 2 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, is where activation of acetyl CoA, in a two-step reaction, to ____________
malonyl CoA
In stage 3 of Fatty Acid Synthesis, there is an elongation of the ______ ______
carbon chain
Acetyl CoA, the end product of fatty acid degradation, is the ______ for virtually all fatty acids
precursor
the biochemical challenge of fatty acid synthesis is to link the two-carbon units together and reduce the carbon atoms to produce ________, a C16 fatty acid
Palmitate
What is the site of fatty acid synthesis?
Cytoplasm
In Step one of Fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is transported in the form of ______, which is cleaved to yield acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.
Citrate
In Step one of Fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is transported in the form of citrate, which is cleaved by ________ to yield acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate
ATP-citrate lyase
In Step one of Fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is transported in the form of citrate, which is cleaved by ATP-citrate lyase to yield acetyl CoA and ________
oxaloacetate
The transport and cleavage reaction of step 1 must occur ____ times to provide all of the (NADPH) carbon atoms required for palmitate synthesis.
8 times
In stage 1, during the transfer of acetyl CoA to the cytoplasm, NADH is converted at Malate to become ______
NADPH
The synthesis of palmitate requires 14 molecules of ______ as week as the expenditure of ATP
NADPH
One molecule of NADPH is generated for each molecule of acetyl CoA that is transferred from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Hence, 8 molecules of NADPH are formed when * molecules of acetyl CoA are transferred to the cytoplasm for the synthesis of palmitate. The additional 6 molecules of NADPH required for the synthesis of palmitate come from the ____ ____ _____
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (HMP SHUNT)
Malonyl CoA is the ______ ____ of acetyl CoA
activated form
Malonyl CoA is the _____ ______ for all but two of the carbon atoms of palmitic acid (C16)
carbon donor
The combination of Acetyl CoA with HCO3- to synthesis of malonyl CoAis the irreversible reaction that is the ________ _____ in fatty acid synthesis
committed step
In stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis, Acetyl CoA is catalyzed by ________ _________, the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, to form Malonyl CoA
acetyl CoA Carboxylase
In the stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis, the first step involves a carboxybiotin intermediate that is formed at the expense of the hydrolysis of a molecule of ______. The second step is the activated CO2 group is then transferred to acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA
ATP
In the stage 2 of fatty acid synthesis, the first step involves a carboxybiotin intermediate that is formed at the expense of the hydrolysis of a molecule of ATP. The second step is the activated ___ _______ is then transferred to acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA
CO2 group
What consists of a series of condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions?
Stage 3 of fatty acid synthesis
In stage 3 What is the name of the enzyme system that catalyzes the synthesis of saturated long-chain fatty acids from acetyl CoA, malonyl CoA, and NADPH?
Fatty Acid synthase
Fatty Acid synthase is actually a _______ _______ _______, each of which has a different function in fatty acid synthesis.
complex of distinct enzymes,
In bacteria, the enzyme complex catalyzes all but the activation step of fatty acid synthesis. The elongation phase of fatty acid synthesis in baceria starts when acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA react with a scaffold protein called ____ ______ _______, forming acetyl ACP and malonyl ACP
acyl carrier protein ACP
Acyl carrier protein, a single polypeptide chain of 77 residues, can be regarded as a giant prosthetic group or a ______
macro CoA
