Chapter 19

Question 1

what is the irreversible link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Answer 1

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 2

The fate of Acetyl CoA when oxygen is present and energy is required is a complete _______ of the acetyl group by the _______ ________

Answer 2

Combustion

TCA Cycle

Question 3

The citric acid cycle includes a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that ultimately result in the oxidation of the acetyl group to two molecules of

Answer 3

Carbon Dioxide

Question 4

Oxidations generate high-transfer-potential or high-energy electrons that will be used to power the synthesis of

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

The function of the citric acid cycle is the harvesting of high-energy electrons from _______

Answer 5

carbon fuels

Question 6

How many stages does the TCA cycle have?

Answer 6

2 stages

Question 7

The first stage of the TCA cycle is when there is a condensation of Acetyle CoA (C2) with oxaloacetate (C4) and oxidation of 2 carbon units as__________

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

The second stage of the TCA cycle is with the regeneration of __________(C4)

Answer 8

Oxaloacetate

Question 9

What is the common and Final catabolic pathway?

Answer 9

TCA Cycle

Question 10

The two carbon acetyl unit condenses with the four carbon component of the citric acid cycle (OAA) to yield a six carbon _______ (tricarboxylic acid)

Answer 10

citrate

Question 11

The six carbon compound releases Co2 twice, which yields _________ __________ leaving a 4 carbon compound.

Answer 11

high energy electrons

Question 12

This four carbon compound is further oxidized to regenerate OAA, which then initiates another round of ______

Answer 12

TCA cycle

Question 13

Acetyl CoA from carbohydate, protein and fat are completely oxidized to ____ & ______

Answer 13

Co2 & H20

Question 14

Oxidations in the TCA cycle are ___________

Answer 14

dehydrogenations

Question 15

The hydrogen acceptors of the TCA cycle are ______ & _______

Answer 15

NAD+ & FAD

Question 16

The Hydrogen acceptors, NAD+ & FAD, that are now NADH & FADH then enter the ______ ________ ________

Answer 16

Electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 17

The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used to generate _____ & ______

Answer 17

ATP & ADP

Question 18

In step one of the TCA cycle, Oxaloacetate reacts with acetyl CoA and H20 to yield a citrate and CoA that was catalyzed by _____ _______

Answer 18

citrate synthase

Question 19

In step two of the TCA cycle, Citrate is first dehydrated, then hydrated to form _______

Answer 19

Isocitrate

Question 20

In step two of the TCA cycle, Citrate is first dehydrated, then hydrated to form isocitrate, by the catalyst _______

Answer 20

Aconitase

Question 21

In step three of the TCA cycle, the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate is converted to _______

Answer 21

a-Ketoglutarate

Question 22

In step three of the TCA cycle, the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate is to a- Ketoglutarate, which is catalyzed by ______ _______

Answer 22

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 23

In step four of the TCA cycle, the oxidative decarboxylation of a-ketoglutarate is converted to ________

Answer 23

Succinyl CoA

Question 24

In step four of the TCA cycle, the oxidative decarboxylation of a-ketoglutarate is converted to Succinyl CoA by the catalyst _______

Answer 24

a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Question 25

In step five of the TCA cycle, the hydrolysis of thioester bond of Succinyl CoA is converted to _________

Answer 25

Succinate

Question 26

In step five of the TCA cycle, the hydrolysis of thioester bond of Succinyl CoA is converted to Succinate by the catalyst _____

Answer 26

Succinyl CoA synthetase

Question 27

In step six of the TCA cycle, the oxidation of Succinate is converted to _______

Answer 27

Fumarate

Question 28

In Step six of the TCA cycle, the oxidation of Succinate is converted to Fumarate by the catalyst _____

Answer 28

Succinate dehydrogenase

Question 29

In Step seven of the TCA cycle, the hydration of Fumarate is converted to _______

Answer 29

Malate

Question 30

In Step seven of the TCA cycle, the hydration of Fumarate is converted to Malate by the catalyst _______

Answer 30

Fumarase

Question 31

In step eight of the TCA cycle, the oxidation of Malate is converted to ________

Answer 31

Oxaloacetate

Question 32

In Step eight of the TCA cycle, the oxidation of malate is converted to Oxaloacetate, by the catalyst _______

Answer 32

Malate dehydrogenase

Question 33

The Citric Acid Cycle is strictly

Answer 33

aerobic

Question 34

As a major metabolic hub of the cell, the citric acid cycles also provides ________ for biosynthese

Answer 34

intermediates

Question 35

In what TCA cycle Intermediate are fatty acids and sterols produced?

Answer 35

Citrate

Question 36

In what TCA cycle Intermediate are glutamate, other amino acids, and purines produced?

Answer 36

a-Ketoglutarate

Question 37

In what TCA cycle Intermediate are Porphyrins, heme, and chlorophyll produced?

Answer 37

Succinyl CoA

Question 38

In what TCA cycle Intermediate are glucose, aspartate,pyrimidines, purines, and other amino acids produced?

Answer 38

Oxaloacetate

Question 39

Intermediates are replenished by the formation of oxaloacetate from _________

Answer 39

pyruvate