Chapter 27 Flashcards
consists of the sun, the planets, and all of the other bodies that orbit the sun
solar system
primary bodies that orbit the sun, round because of its own gravity, has cleared the neighborhood around its orbital path
planets
created a geocentric (___ centered) model
Aristotle
Earth
created a model where planets move in small circles called ___
Ptolemy
epicycles
created a heliocentric (___ centered) model
Nicolaus Copernicus
sun
proved that everything did not revolve around the Earth
Galileo Galilei
How did Galileo prove that everything did not revolve around the Earth?
used a telescope to see moons revolve around Jupiter
What are Kepler’s Laws?
1/ Law of Ellipses
2/ Law of Equal Areas
3/ Law of Periods
the degree of elongation of an elliptical orbit (symbol?)
Eccentricity
e
the cube of the average distance of a planet from the sun is always proportional to the square of the period
Law of Periods
planets revolve in ___, not circles
Law of Ellipses
ellipses
the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion unless an outside force acts on the object
inertia
the time required for a body to complete a single orbit
orbital period
equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an object orbits the sun
Law of Equal Areas
force of attraction between all objects
gravity
highly dense planets nearest to the sun
inner/terrestrial planets
bowl-shaped depressions where other objects in space have collided with the planet
impact craters
2nd planet from the sun
Venus
687 day orbit; 24 hour 37 min rotation
Mars
29.5 year orbit; 10 hour 30 min rotation
Saturn
8th planet from the sun
Neptune
5th planet from the sun
Jupiter
687 day orbit; 24 hour 37 min rotation
Mars
Great Dark Spot
Neptune
225 day day orbit; 243 day rotation
Venus
closest planet to the sun
Mercury
365.25 day orbit; 24 hour rotation
Earth
6th planet from the sun
Saturn
84 year orbit; 17 hour rotation
Uranus
88 day orbit; 59 day rotation
Mercury
12 year orbit; 9 hour 50 min rotation
Jupiter
3rd planet from the sun
Earth
Great Red Spot
Jupiter
7th planet from the sun
Uranus
164 year orbit; 16 hour rotation
Neptune
What does the asteroid belt separate?
the inner and outer planets
planets with deep, massive atmospheres
gas giants
rotates on a plane nearly parallel to its orbit
Uranus
region beyond the orbit of Neptune that contains dwarf planets and other small bodies made mostly of ice
Kuiper belt
Which planets are the gas giants?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
planet with the fastest rotation
Jupiter
planets that have been discovered revolving around other stars
exoplanets
orbits the sun, round because of its gravity, hasn’t cleared region around its orbit, not a satellite of another planet
dwarf planet
