Chapter 23 Flashcards
a large body of saline water that may be surrounded by land
sea
Modern oceanography began with the ___.
Japanese ship CHIKYU
Scientists use sonar to ___.
calculate ocean floor depth
What does SONAR stand for?
SOund Navigation And Ranging
To see the bottom of the ocean for himself or herself while remaining connected to a research ship, a scientist would use ___.
a bathysphere
The flattest regions on Earth are ___.
abyssal plains
The deepest place in Earth’s crust is ___.
a trench
An atoll will eventually become a ___.
guyot
a cylinder of sediment collected by drilling
core sample
Sediments from rivers are spread over the continental rise and abyssal plains by ___.
turbidity currents
The silica in biogenic sediments comes mainly from ___.
diatoms and radiolarians
Earth’s second-largest ocean
Atlantic Ocean
sediment wedge at the base of the continental slope
continental rise
remains of marine plants and animals make this
biogenic sediment
Earth’s smallest ocean
Arctic Ocean
fine silt- and clay-sized rock particles
mud
potato-shaped lump of minerals
nodule
Where on the ocean floor are nodules found?
abyssal plains
Earth’s largest ocean
Pacific Ocean
steep slope from continental shelf to the deep-ocean basin
continental slope
fine sediment made mostly of silicon dioxide
siliceous ooze
extends from the coast of Antarctica to 60°S latitude
Southern Ocean
fine sediment made mostly of calcium carbonate
calcareous ooze
deep V-shaped valley in the continental margin
submarine canyon
shallow sea floor between shore and the deep-ocean basin
continental margin
Earth’s third largest ocean
Indian Ocean
body of salt water that covers nearly 3/4 of the Earth’s surface
global ocean
Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean. What three categories does it include?
1/ properties & movement of ocean water
2/ characteristics of the ocean floor
3/ organisms that live in the ocean
Who published one of the first textbooks about the ocean in 1855?
Matthew F. Maury
world’s largest scientific drilling ship
JOIDES
self-propelled, free-moving submarine
bathyscaph
shallow part of ocean floor made up of continental crust and a thick wedge of sediment
continental shelf
underwater research vessels
submersibles
British ship; Atlantic, Indian & Pacific
HMS Challenger
What is created when sediments from turbidity currents form a wedge at the base of the continental slope?
continental rise
deepest place on Earth
Mariana Trench
underwater mountain ranges along ocean floors
mid-ocean ridges
blocks of crust that form parallel to mid-ocean ridges
abyssal hills
areas of rough topography created when mid-ocean ridges break into segments
fracture zones
submerged volcanic mountains taller than 1km
seamount
form when substances dissolved in ocean water crystalize and form mineral deposits on the ocean floor
chemical deposits
At least ___ percent of ooze is biogenic material.
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