Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

a large body of saline water that may be surrounded by land

A

sea

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2
Q

Modern oceanography began with the ___.

A

Japanese ship CHIKYU

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3
Q

Scientists use sonar to ___.

A

calculate ocean floor depth

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4
Q

What does SONAR stand for?

A

SOund Navigation And Ranging

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5
Q

To see the bottom of the ocean for himself or herself while remaining connected to a research ship, a scientist would use ___.

A

a bathysphere

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6
Q

The flattest regions on Earth are ___.

A

abyssal plains

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7
Q

The deepest place in Earth’s crust is ___.

A

a trench

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8
Q

An atoll will eventually become a ___.

A

guyot

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9
Q

a cylinder of sediment collected by drilling

A

core sample

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10
Q

Sediments from rivers are spread over the continental rise and abyssal plains by ___.

A

turbidity currents

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11
Q

The silica in biogenic sediments comes mainly from ___.

A

diatoms and radiolarians

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12
Q

Earth’s second-largest ocean

A

Atlantic Ocean

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13
Q

sediment wedge at the base of the continental slope

A

continental rise

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14
Q

remains of marine plants and animals make this

A

biogenic sediment

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15
Q

Earth’s smallest ocean

A

Arctic Ocean

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16
Q

fine silt- and clay-sized rock particles

A

mud

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17
Q

potato-shaped lump of minerals

18
Q

Where on the ocean floor are nodules found?

A

abyssal plains

19
Q

Earth’s largest ocean

A

Pacific Ocean

20
Q

steep slope from continental shelf to the deep-ocean basin

A

continental slope

21
Q

fine sediment made mostly of silicon dioxide

A

siliceous ooze

22
Q

extends from the coast of Antarctica to 60°S latitude

A

Southern Ocean

23
Q

fine sediment made mostly of calcium carbonate

A

calcareous ooze

24
Q

deep V-shaped valley in the continental margin

A

submarine canyon

25
shallow sea floor between shore and the deep-ocean basin
continental margin
26
Earth's third largest ocean
Indian Ocean
27
body of salt water that covers nearly 3/4 of the Earth's surface
global ocean
28
Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean. What three categories does it include?
1/ properties & movement of ocean water 2/ characteristics of the ocean floor 3/ organisms that live in the ocean
29
Who published one of the first textbooks about the ocean in 1855?
Matthew F. Maury
30
world's largest scientific drilling ship
JOIDES
31
self-propelled, free-moving submarine
bathyscaph
32
shallow part of ocean floor made up of continental crust and a thick wedge of sediment
continental shelf
33
underwater research vessels
submersibles
34
British ship; Atlantic, Indian & Pacific
HMS Challenger
35
What is created when sediments from turbidity currents form a wedge at the base of the continental slope?
continental rise
36
deepest place on Earth
Mariana Trench
37
underwater mountain ranges along ocean floors
mid-ocean ridges
38
blocks of crust that form parallel to mid-ocean ridges
abyssal hills
39
areas of rough topography created when mid-ocean ridges break into segments
fracture zones
40
submerged volcanic mountains taller than 1km
seamount
41
form when substances dissolved in ocean water crystalize and form mineral deposits on the ocean floor
chemical deposits
42
At least ___ percent of ooze is biogenic material.
30