Chapter 23

Question 1

a large body of saline water that may be surrounded by land

Answer 1

sea

Question 2

Modern oceanography began with the ___.

Answer 2

Japanese ship CHIKYU

Question 3

Scientists use sonar to ___.

Answer 3

calculate ocean floor depth

Question 4

What does SONAR stand for?

Answer 4

SOund Navigation And Ranging

Question 5

To see the bottom of the ocean for himself or herself while remaining connected to a research ship, a scientist would use ___.

Answer 5

a bathysphere

Question 6

The flattest regions on Earth are ___.

Answer 6

abyssal plains

Question 7

The deepest place in Earth’s crust is ___.

Answer 7

a trench

Question 8

An atoll will eventually become a ___.

Answer 8

guyot

Question 9

a cylinder of sediment collected by drilling

Answer 9

core sample

Question 10

Sediments from rivers are spread over the continental rise and abyssal plains by ___.

Answer 10

turbidity currents

Question 11

The silica in biogenic sediments comes mainly from ___.

Answer 11

diatoms and radiolarians

Question 12

Earth’s second-largest ocean

Answer 12

Atlantic Ocean

Question 13

sediment wedge at the base of the continental slope

Answer 13

continental rise

Question 14

remains of marine plants and animals make this

Answer 14

biogenic sediment

Question 15

Earth’s smallest ocean

Answer 15

Arctic Ocean

Question 16

fine silt- and clay-sized rock particles

Answer 16

mud

Question 17

potato-shaped lump of minerals

Answer 17

nodule

Question 18

Where on the ocean floor are nodules found?

Answer 18

abyssal plains

Question 19

Earth’s largest ocean

Answer 19

Pacific Ocean

Question 20

steep slope from continental shelf to the deep-ocean basin

Answer 20

continental slope

Question 21

fine sediment made mostly of silicon dioxide

Answer 21

siliceous ooze

Question 22

extends from the coast of Antarctica to 60°S latitude

Answer 22

Southern Ocean

Question 23

fine sediment made mostly of calcium carbonate

Answer 23

calcareous ooze

Question 24

deep V-shaped valley in the continental margin

Answer 24

submarine canyon

Question 25

shallow sea floor between shore and the deep-ocean basin

Answer 25

continental margin

Question 26

Earth’s third largest ocean

Answer 26

Indian Ocean

Question 27

body of salt water that covers nearly 3/4 of the Earth’s surface

Answer 27

global ocean

Question 28

Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean. What three categories does it include?

Answer 28

1/ properties & movement of ocean water
2/ characteristics of the ocean floor
3/ organisms that live in the ocean

Question 29

Who published one of the first textbooks about the ocean in 1855?

Answer 29

Matthew F. Maury

Question 30

world’s largest scientific drilling ship

Answer 30

JOIDES

Question 31

self-propelled, free-moving submarine

Answer 31

bathyscaph

Question 32

shallow part of ocean floor made up of continental crust and a thick wedge of sediment

Answer 32

continental shelf

Question 33

underwater research vessels

Answer 33

submersibles

Question 34

British ship; Atlantic, Indian & Pacific

Answer 34

HMS Challenger

Question 35

What is created when sediments from turbidity currents form a wedge at the base of the continental slope?

Answer 35

continental rise

Question 36

deepest place on Earth

Answer 36

Mariana Trench

Question 37

underwater mountain ranges along ocean floors

Answer 37

mid-ocean ridges

Question 38

blocks of crust that form parallel to mid-ocean ridges

Answer 38

abyssal hills

Question 39

areas of rough topography created when mid-ocean ridges break into segments

Answer 39

fracture zones

Question 40

submerged volcanic mountains taller than 1km

Answer 40

seamount

Question 41

form when substances dissolved in ocean water crystalize and form mineral deposits on the ocean floor

Answer 41

chemical deposits

Question 42

At least ___ percent of ooze is biogenic material.

Answer 42

30