Chapter 24

Question 1

What are the two main dissolved gasses in the ocean?

Answer 1

nitrogen & oxygen

Question 2

___ water can dissolve more gasses.

Answer 2

Cold

Question 3

The ocean contains ___ times more carbon than the atmosphere and is referred to as the “___.”

Answer 3

60

carbon sink

Question 4

Ocean water is ___% pure water, and ___% dissolved solids called sea salts.

Answer 4

96. 5

3. 5

Question 5

measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid

Answer 5

salinity

Question 6

What percent of ocean water is salts?

Answer 6

3.5%

Question 7

What percent of fresh water is salts?

Answer 7

0.1%

Question 8

Salinity will ___ when the rate of evaporation is higher than precipitation.

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

floating layer of sea ice that completely covers an area of the ocean surface

Answer 9

pack ice

Question 10

in this layer of a body of water, temperature drops faster with increased depth than it does in other layers

Answer 10

thermocline

Question 11

ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

Answer 11

density

Question 12

What two factors affect the density of ocean water? Which affects density more?

Answer 12

salinity & temperature

temperature

Question 13

___ salinity (dissolved solids) makes water more dense

Answer 13

higher

Question 14

___ temperature makes water more dense

Answer 14

lower

Question 15

What can affect the color of the ocean?

Answer 15

phytoplankton

Question 16

movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface

Answer 16

upwelling

Question 17

When does upwelling occur?

Answer 17

when strong winds run parallel to the shore

Question 18

mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in aquatic environments

Answer 18

plankton

Question 19

free swimming organism

Answer 19

nekton

Question 20

region of an ocean or body of fresh water above the bottom dwellers’ zone

Answer 20

pelagic zone

Question 21

bottom dwellers

Answer 21

benthos

Question 22

pelagic zone above the continental shelf; abundant sunlight and marine life

Answer 22

neritic zone

Question 23

process of removing salt from ocean water

Answer 23

desalination

Question 24

the bottom region of oceans and bodies of fresh water where bottom dwellers live

Answer 24

benthic zone

Question 25

What are the three methods of desalination?

Answer 25

distillation, freezing & reverse osmosis

Question 26

pelagic zone over the deep waters; divided into 4 layers by depth

Answer 26

oceanic zone

Question 27

ocean water is frozen, the first ice crystals do not contain salt (desalination)

Answer 27

freezing

Question 28

What mineral and energy resources can be found in the ocean?

Answer 28

petroleum, nodules & trace minerals

Question 29

ocean water is heated, water evaporates and salts are left behind (desalination)

Answer 29

distillation

Question 30

raising of aquatic plants and animals for human use or consumption

Answer 30

aquaculture

Question 31

special membranes allow water under high pressure to pass through, but block the dissolved salts (desalination)

Answer 31

reverse osmosis