Chapter 24 Flashcards
What are the two main dissolved gasses in the ocean?
nitrogen & oxygen
___ water can dissolve more gasses.
Cold
The ocean contains ___ times more carbon than the atmosphere and is referred to as the “___.”
60
carbon sink
Ocean water is ___% pure water, and ___% dissolved solids called sea salts.
- 5
3. 5
measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
salinity
What percent of ocean water is salts?
3.5%
What percent of fresh water is salts?
0.1%
Salinity will ___ when the rate of evaporation is higher than precipitation.
increase
floating layer of sea ice that completely covers an area of the ocean surface
pack ice
in this layer of a body of water, temperature drops faster with increased depth than it does in other layers
thermocline
ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
density
What two factors affect the density of ocean water? Which affects density more?
salinity & temperature
temperature
___ salinity (dissolved solids) makes water more dense
higher
___ temperature makes water more dense
lower
What can affect the color of the ocean?
phytoplankton
movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface
upwelling
When does upwelling occur?
when strong winds run parallel to the shore
mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in aquatic environments
plankton
free swimming organism
nekton
region of an ocean or body of fresh water above the bottom dwellers’ zone
pelagic zone
bottom dwellers
benthos
pelagic zone above the continental shelf; abundant sunlight and marine life
neritic zone
process of removing salt from ocean water
desalination
the bottom region of oceans and bodies of fresh water where bottom dwellers live
benthic zone
What are the three methods of desalination?
distillation, freezing & reverse osmosis
pelagic zone over the deep waters; divided into 4 layers by depth
oceanic zone
ocean water is frozen, the first ice crystals do not contain salt (desalination)
freezing
What mineral and energy resources can be found in the ocean?
petroleum, nodules & trace minerals
ocean water is heated, water evaporates and salts are left behind (desalination)
distillation
raising of aquatic plants and animals for human use or consumption
aquaculture
special membranes allow water under high pressure to pass through, but block the dissolved salts (desalination)
reverse osmosis
