Chapter 19

Question 1

mixture of gasses that surrounds a planet, moon, or other celestial body

Answer 1

atmosphere

Question 2

78% of Earth’s atmosphere is made up of ___.

Answer 2

nitrogen

Question 3

In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen-fixing ___ removes nitrogen from the air.

Answer 3

bacteria

Question 4

21% of Earth’s atmosphere is made up of ___.

Answer 4

oxygen

Question 5

gas state of water that has evaporated from oceans, streams, and soil

Answer 5

water vapor

Question 6

Dry air is __% water vapor.

Answer 6

1

Question 7

transpiration and respiration are added

Answer 7

water vapor

Question 8

___ is removed by animals, bacteria, and plants.

Answer 8

Oxygen

Question 9

Moist air is __% water vapor.

Answer 9

4

Question 10

gas molecule made up of three oxygen atoms

Answer 10

ozone

Question 11

condensation and precipitation are removed

Answer 11

water vapor

Question 12

tiny solid and liquid particles in the atmosphere

Answer 12

particulates

Question 13

___ is added by plants through photosynthesis.

Answer 13

Oxygen

Question 14

absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Answer 14

ozone

Question 15

force per unit area that is exerted on a surface by weight of the atmosphere

Answer 15

atmospheric pressure

Question 16

Atmospheric pressure will change with ___ and ___.

Answer 16

temperature

amount of water in the air

Question 17

What are the two types of barometers?

Answer 17

mercurial

aneroid

Question 18

aneroid barometer used to measure altitude above sea level

Answer 18

altimeter

Question 19

As temperature increases, atmospheric pressure ___.

Answer 19

decreases

Question 20

the weather layer

Answer 20

troposphere

Question 21

metal container with a partial vacuum inside

Answer 21

aneroid barometer

Question 22

contains the ozone layer

Answer 22

stratosphere

Question 23

As humidity increases, atmospheric pressure ___.

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

layer of the atmosphere that contains almost all the water vapor and CO₂

Answer 24

troposphere

Question 25

upper boundary of the stratosphere

Answer 25

stratopause

Question 26

the coldest layer

Answer 26

mesosphere

Question 27

In the ___ nitrogen and oxygen absorb solar radiation.

Answer 27

thermosphere

Question 28

region where Earth's atmosphere blends with the vacuum of space

Answer 28

exosphere

Question 29

upper boundary of the troposphere

Answer 29

tropopause

Question 30

any substance that is in the atmosphere that is harmful to people, animal, plants, or property

Answer 30

air pollutant

Question 31

In the mesosphere, temperature ___ as altitude increases.

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

lower region of the thermosphere

Answer 32

ionosphere

Question 33

Sources of air pollution are ___.

Answer 33

burning fossil fuels

Question 34

the upper boundary of the mesosphere, coldest temperature in the atmosphere

Answer 34

mesopause

Question 35

Solar radiation and ionosphere interactions cause ___.

Answer 35

auroras

Question 36

the layering of warm, less dense air on top of cool, more dense air

Answer 36

temperature inversion

Question 37

mixture of smoke and fog

Answer 37

smog

Question 38

all forms of energy that travel through space as waves

Answer 38

radiation

Question 39

crest to crest on a wave

Answer 39

wavelength

Question 40

all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 40

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 41

the range of electromagnetic waves that the human eye can detect

Answer 41

visible light

Question 42

Name all wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest.

Answer 42

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray

Question 43

particles and gas molecules in the atmosphere reflect and bend solar rays

Answer 43

scattering

Question 44

the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected off the surface of an object

Answer 44

albedo

Question 45

warm air near Earth's surface bends light rays

Answer 45

mirage

Question 46

warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gasses in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation

Answer 46

greenhouse effect

Question 47

What is the primary factor affecting solar energy that reaches Earth's surface?

Answer 47

latitude

Question 48

Because of latitude, light is more concentrated at the ___ than at the ___.

Answer 48

equator | poles

Question 49

transfer of heat energy by direct contact

Answer 49

conduction

Question 50

movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variation

Answer 50

convection

Question 51

Convection cells of warm and cold air cause ___.

Answer 51

winds

Question 52

the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth's rotation

Answer 52

the Coriolis effect

Question 53

Objects appear to curve to the ___ in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer 53

right

Question 54

winds flow in one main direction

Answer 54

wind belts (aka. prevailing winds)

Question 55

prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 degrees to equator

Answer 55

trade winds

Question 56

areas at the equator where the three global convection cells meet creating areas of high & low pressure and weak horizontal winds

Answer 56

doldrums

Question 57

prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60 degrees and 90 degrees

Answer 57

polar easterlies

Question 58

areas at 30 degrees latitude where the three global convection cells meet creating areas of high & low pressure and weak horizontal winds

Answer 58

horse latitudes

Question 59

Objects appear to curve to the ___ in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer 59

left

Question 60

prevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30 degrees and 60 degrees

Answer 60

westerlies

Question 61

narrow bands of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Answer 61

jet streams

Question 62

What are two examples of jet streams?

Answer 62

polar and subtropical jet streams

Question 63

winds less than 50 km/h

Answer 63

breezes

Question 64

What heats up and cools down faster, land or sea?

Answer 64

land

Question 65

land heats faster than sea; hot air over land rises & cool air over sea moves from the water to the land

Answer 65

sea breeze

Question 66

When does a sea breeze occur?

Answer 66

afternoon

Question 67

What cools off faster at night, mountains or valleys?

Answer 67

mountains

Question 68

mountain cools more rapidly than the valley & cool, dense air moves down the mountain into the valley

Answer 68

mountain breeze

Question 69

When does a mountain breeze occur?

Answer 69

nighttime

Question 70

land cools off faster than the sea; warmer air over the sea rises & cool air moves from the land to the water

Answer 70

land breeze

Question 71

When does a land breeze occur?

Answer 71

evening

Question 72

gentle breeze blows up slope from the valley & warm air from the valley is rising up the slope

Answer 72

valley breeze

Question 73

When does a valley breeze occur?

Answer 73

daytime