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Earth Science (9th) > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mixture of gasses that surrounds a planet, moon, or other celestial body

A

atmosphere

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2
Q

78% of Earth’s atmosphere is made up of ___.

A

nitrogen

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3
Q

In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen-fixing ___ removes nitrogen from the air.

A

bacteria

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4
Q

21% of Earth’s atmosphere is made up of ___.

A

oxygen

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5
Q

gas state of water that has evaporated from oceans, streams, and soil

A

water vapor

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6
Q

Dry air is __% water vapor.

A

1

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7
Q

transpiration and respiration are added

A

water vapor

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8
Q

___ is removed by animals, bacteria, and plants.

A

Oxygen

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9
Q

Moist air is __% water vapor.

A

4

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10
Q

gas molecule made up of three oxygen atoms

A

ozone

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11
Q

condensation and precipitation are removed

A

water vapor

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12
Q

tiny solid and liquid particles in the atmosphere

A

particulates

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13
Q

___ is added by plants through photosynthesis.

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun

A

ozone

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15
Q

force per unit area that is exerted on a surface by weight of the atmosphere

A

atmospheric pressure

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16
Q

Atmospheric pressure will change with ___ and ___.

A

temperature

amount of water in the air

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17
Q

What are the two types of barometers?

A

mercurial

aneroid

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18
Q

aneroid barometer used to measure altitude above sea level

A

altimeter

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19
Q

As temperature increases, atmospheric pressure ___.

A

decreases

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20
Q

the weather layer

A

troposphere

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21
Q

metal container with a partial vacuum inside

A

aneroid barometer

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22
Q

contains the ozone layer

A

stratosphere

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23
Q

As humidity increases, atmospheric pressure ___.

A

decreases

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24
Q

layer of the atmosphere that contains almost all the water vapor and CO₂

A

troposphere

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25
Q

upper boundary of the stratosphere

A

stratopause

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26
Q

the coldest layer

A

mesosphere

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27
Q

In the ___ nitrogen and oxygen absorb solar radiation.

A

thermosphere

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28
Q

region where Earth’s atmosphere blends with the vacuum of space

A

exosphere

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29
Q

upper boundary of the troposphere

A

tropopause

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30
Q

any substance that is in the atmosphere that is harmful to people, animal, plants, or property

A

air pollutant

31
Q

In the mesosphere, temperature ___ as altitude increases.

A

decreases

32
Q

lower region of the thermosphere

A

ionosphere

33
Q

Sources of air pollution are ___.

A

burning fossil fuels

34
Q

the upper boundary of the mesosphere, coldest temperature in the atmosphere

A

mesopause

35
Q

Solar radiation and ionosphere interactions cause ___.

A

auroras

36
Q

the layering of warm, less dense air on top of cool, more dense air

A

temperature inversion

37
Q

mixture of smoke and fog

A

smog

38
Q

all forms of energy that travel through space as waves

A

radiation

39
Q

crest to crest on a wave

A

wavelength

40
Q

all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

A

electromagnetic spectrum

41
Q

the range of electromagnetic waves that the human eye can detect

A

visible light

42
Q

Name all wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest.

A

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray

43
Q

particles and gas molecules in the atmosphere reflect and bend solar rays

A

scattering

44
Q

the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected off the surface of an object

A

albedo

45
Q

warm air near Earth’s surface bends light rays

A

mirage

46
Q

warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gasses in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

47
Q

What is the primary factor affecting solar energy that reaches Earth’s surface?

A

latitude

48
Q

Because of latitude, light is more concentrated at the ___ than at the ___.

A

equator

poles

49
Q

transfer of heat energy by direct contact

A

conduction

50
Q

movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variation

A

convection

51
Q

Convection cells of warm and cold air cause ___.

A

winds

52
Q

the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s rotation

A

the Coriolis effect

53
Q

Objects appear to curve to the ___ in the Northern Hemisphere.

A

right

54
Q

winds flow in one main direction

A

wind belts (aka. prevailing winds)

55
Q

prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 degrees to equator

A

trade winds

56
Q

areas at the equator where the three global convection cells meet creating areas of high & low pressure and weak horizontal winds

A

doldrums

57
Q

prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60 degrees and 90 degrees

A

polar easterlies

58
Q

areas at 30 degrees latitude where the three global convection cells meet creating areas of high & low pressure and weak horizontal winds

A

horse latitudes

59
Q

Objects appear to curve to the ___ in the Southern Hemisphere.

A

left

60
Q

prevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30 degrees and 60 degrees

A

westerlies

61
Q

narrow bands of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

A

jet streams

62
Q

What are two examples of jet streams?

A

polar and subtropical jet streams

63
Q

winds less than 50 km/h

A

breezes

64
Q

What heats up and cools down faster, land or sea?

A

land

65
Q

land heats faster than sea; hot air over land rises & cool air over sea moves from the water to the land

A

sea breeze

66
Q

When does a sea breeze occur?

A

afternoon

67
Q

What cools off faster at night, mountains or valleys?

A

mountains

68
Q

mountain cools more rapidly than the valley & cool, dense air moves down the mountain into the valley

A

mountain breeze

69
Q

When does a mountain breeze occur?

A

nighttime

70
Q

land cools off faster than the sea; warmer air over the sea rises & cool air moves from the land to the water

A

land breeze

71
Q

When does a land breeze occur?

A

evening

72
Q

gentle breeze blows up slope from the valley & warm air from the valley is rising up the slope

A

valley breeze

73
Q

When does a valley breeze occur?

A

daytime

Earth Science (9th) (14 decks)

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