Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P II > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

2 fluid compartments in body

A

Intracellular – cytosol
Extracellular – interstitial fluid and plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Percent of total body mass that is fluid

A

55%-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference in total body mass fluid percentage in males and females

A

60% in males
55% in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Percentage of body mass fluid that is intracellular/extracellular

A

2/3, 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Percent of interstitial fluid in extracellular fluid

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Percent of plasma in extracellular fluid

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Separates intracellular fluid from interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood vessel walls

A

Separates interstitial fluid from blood plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Capillary walls

A

Allow exchange to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 ways body gains water

A

Metabolic water, ingested food, ingested liquid
via ingestion and metabolic synthesis
***ingested liquid is way for most gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 ways body loses water

A

GI tract, lungs, skin, and kidneys
via urination, perspiration, exhalation, and feces
***kidneys is how you lose the most

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metabolic water

A

Water formed from oxidation of nutrients in the cells (byproduct of ETC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Process produces metabolic water

A

ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dehydration

A

Water loss > water gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 stimuli for thirst response

A
  1. Increase of blood osmolarity
  2. Decrease in blood volume
  3. Decrease blood pressure
  4. Dry mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What the stimuli that affect thirst response affect

A

Variety of structures:
- Osmoreceptors
- Atrial volume receptors
- Baroreceptors
- Kidneys

*** All lead to stimulation of thirst center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Location of thirst center

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What the responses of increased intake of water does

A

Alleviates the problems indicated by stimuli (negative? feedback stimulus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main type of elimination of excess water

A

Urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Major factor in determining fluid volume in the body

A

Amount of urinary salt loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Obligatory water movement

A

Term used to describe “wherever solutes go, water follows”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 main solutes/ions in urine

A

Sodium and chloride ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3 major hormones that control sodium and chloride ion concentrations

A
  1. Angiotensin II
  2. Aldosterone
  3. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
24
Q

Major hormone that regulates water loss from kidneys

A

Antidiuretic hormones (ADH)

25
How hormones that control sodium, chloride, and water
1. Start with stimulus (incr/decr blood volume or blood pressure, incr/decr blood osmolarity, incr/decr in sodium ion levels, etc.) 2. How stimulus affects body (kidneys, hypothalamus, osmoreceptors, baroreceptors, adrenal glands, heart, etc.) 3. What rxns occured to alleviate problem indicated in stimulus?
26
What happens when cell is placed in isotonic solution
Stays the same
27
What happens when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution
Swell
28
What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution
Shrink
29
Water intoxication
When excess body water causes cells to swell dangeously
30
What happens to sodium ion concentration in extracellular fluid
Decreases (hyponatremia)
31
What happens to osmolarity of excess fluid
Decreases
32
Water moves (in/out) of cell during water intoxication
In?
33
4 main functions of electrolytes
1. Control osmosis of H2O b/w fluid compartments 2. Help maintain acid-base balance 3. Carry electrical current 4. Serve as cofactors
34
Most abundant ion in extracellular fluid
Sodium
35
Most abundant ion in intracellular fluid
Potassium
36
Most abundant anion in extracellular fluid
Chloride
37
Most abundant anion in intracellular fluid
HPO42-
38
Most abundant cation in extracellular fluid
Sodium
39
Most abundant cation in intracellular fluid
Potassium
40
Where proteins are most abundant
Intracellular fluid
41
Most abundant mineral in body
Calcium
42
Electrolyte that's used as a buffer
Phosphate
43
Normal pH range of arterial blood
7.35-7.45
44
Three mechanisms of maintaining pH range of arterial blood
Buffer systems, exhalation of CO2, kidney excretion of H+
45
Buffer systems
Chemicals that prevent body fluids from undergoing large changes in pH by regulating fluctuation in H ion concentration (works by picking up/releasing H ions as needed)
46
Protein buffer system
- Proteins have both amino acid w/ free acid group (can disassociate/act like acid when pH rises) and amino acid with free amino group (can disassociate and act like base when pH drops) - Hemoglobin = main protein buffer in blood
47
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
- Bicarbonate ions act as a weak base, and carbonic acid acts as a weak acid >> pH drops, bicarbonate removes excess H ions >> pH rises, carbonic acid releases H ions
48
Phosphate buffer system
Dihydrogen phosphate acts as weak cid, monohydrogen phosphate acts as weak base >> pH rises, dihydrogen phosphate releases H ions >> pH drops, monohydrogen phosphate removes excess H ions
49
Exhalation of CO2
CO2 released in respiration unites w/ water in blood to produce carbonic acid, makes blood more acidic >> Exhaling CO2 leads to less acid production and rise in pH >> Retaining CO2 leads to more acid production and drop in pH
50
How respiratory system helps to regulate pH
Alters ventilation rate
51
Kidney excretion of H ions
Allow for pH adjustments - H ions and bicarbonate ions can be reabsorbed into blood/secreted into filtrate as needed for pH adjustment
52
How urinary system helps regulate pH of body fluids
Alters filtrate of pH, therefore altering blood pH as well
53
Acidosis vs. alkalosis
Blood pH < 7.35, blood pH > 7.45
54
Respiratory acidosis
Blood pH drops due to excessive retention of CO2
55
Respiratory alkalosis
Blood pH rises due to excessive loss of CO2
56
Metabolic acidosis
Arterial blood level of bicarbonate ions decreases
57
Metabolic alkalosis
Arterial blood level of bicarbonate ions increases

A&P II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions