Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Location of heart

A
  • Thoracic cavity in mediastinum
  • Extends from
    » Sternum to vertebral column
    » First rib to diaphragm
    » B/w lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pericardium

A
  • Membrane that surrounds and protects the hearts
  • 2 layers
    » Outer fibrous pericardium
    » Inner serous pericardium: 2 layers, outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Space b/w parietal and visceral layers, fluid filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium (myo=muscle)
  3. Endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type of tissue in myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

L atrium and ventricle, R atrium and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

R atrium

A

Receives blood from
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Coronary veins by way of coronary sinus
- Empties into right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

R ventricle

A
  • Receives blood from R atrium
  • Pumps blood into lungs through pulmonary trunk (branches into R and L pulmonary arteries)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tricuspid valve

A
  • Valve between the R atrium and the R ventricle
  • Aka atrioventricular valve/AV valve
  • Closes when ventricle contracts, preventing flow of blood back into atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary valve

A
  • Pulmonary valve at base of pulmonary trunk
  • Aka pulmonary semilunar (SL) valve
  • Half moon shaped/closes when ventricle relaxes, preventing flow of blood back into the ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

L atrium

A
  • Receives blood from the lung by way of pulmonary veins
  • Then empties blood into L ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

L ventricle

A
  • Receives blood from the L atrium
  • Pumps blood all over body through aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bicuspid valve

A
  • Valve b/w L atrium and L ventricle
  • Aka mitral valve/atriventricular valve (AV valve)
  • Closes when ventricle contracts, preventing flow of blood back into the atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aortic valve

A
  • Aortic semilunar valve
  • Closes when the ventricle relaxes thus preventing flow of blood back into the ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thickest wall of heart chambers and why this is an advantage

A
  • Wall of left ventricle
  • Higher forces needed to pump blood around the body compared to the pulmonary circuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibrous skeleton of heart and how they aid in valve function

A
  • 4 dense connective tissue rings that surround the valves and fuse to one another
  • Prevents overstretching of valves, forms foundation for which heart valves attach
17
Q

Heart murmur

A

Heart valves don’t function properly and don’t close completely, resulting in leakage and backflow

18
Q

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cardiac muscle tissue

A

Coronary arteries

19
Q

Remove waste products from cardiac muscle tissue

A

Coronary veins

20
Q

Conduction system

A
  • Network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for ea. cycle of cardiac excitation to pass through the heart
  • Ensures the heart chambers are stimulated/contract
21
Q

Sequence for propagation through conduction sequence for action potentials

A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) node
  2. Atrioventricular (AV) node
  3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
  4. R and L bundle branches
  5. Perkinje fibers where the action potentials cause both ventricles to contract simultaneously
22
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) node

A
  • Pacemaker of heart
  • Cells repeatedly depolarize spontaneously thus producing a pacemaker potential
  • Triggers action potential when it reaches threshold
  • Action potentials from the SA node propagate through other structures of the conduction
23
Q

How autorhythmic fiber differs from ventricular contractile fiber

A

Has pacemaker potential which is constantly changing, contractile fiber has steady resting potential
Contractile fiber has a plateau after peak of depolarization (maintains depolarization a little longer/allows the ventricles to pump longer)

24
Q

Function of autorhythmic fibers

A
  • (In SA node) the natural pacemaker of heart
  • Initiate action potentials most frequently
  • Create/transmit action potential
25
Q

Function of SA and AV node

A
  • Where cardiac excitation begins
  • Pacemaker potential
  • Depolarize to threshold spontaneously
  • Action potential slows considerably as a result of various diff. in cell structure
  • Delay provides time for atria to empty their blood into the ventricles
26
Q

Function of contractile fibers

A
  • “Working” atrial and ventricular muscles
  • Moves blood through cardiovascular system
27
Q

What SA node’s rate of firing combined with influences from the nervous system and hormones will determine

A

Heart rate

28
Q

Example of a hormone that decreases SA node firing, thus decreasing/incr. heart rate

A

Epinephrine?

29
Q

Primary method of generating ATP for energy in cardiac muscle cells/how it differs from ATP production in skeletal muscles

A

Aerobic cellular respiration/uses creatine phosphate and anaerobic respiration in addition to aerobic respiration

30
Q

Electrocardiogram (EEG or EKG)

A
  • Recording of the electrical changes that occur with each heartbeat
  • Shows each sequence of depolarizations and repolarizations
  • Helps to detect problems in heart rhythm
31
Q

P, QRS, and T wave/what they represent

A
  • P: atrial depolarization (electrical excitation)
  • QRS: ventricular depolarization (electrical excitation)
  • T: ventricular repolarization (end of electrical excitation)
32
Q

Cardiac cycle consists of

A

Contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both atria (simultaneously), rapidly followed by the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both ventricles (simultaneously)

33
Q

Blood pressure

A

Systolic: upper number, represents pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting
Diastolic: lower number, represents pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxing

34
Q

Which pumps receive/push out blood

A

Atria receive, ventricles pump
- Right side of heart receives from the body and pumps to lungs
- Left side receives from lungs and pumps to body

35
Q

Length of cardiac cycle in average adult and bpm

A

0.8 seconds, 75 bpm

36
Q

Cardiac output (CO)

A

Volume of blood ejected from the left or right ventricle into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute
To calculate: CO(mL/min) = SV(mL/beat) x HR (bpm)

A&P II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions