Chapter 26 Flashcards
Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
Streak
The color of a mineral in powdered form.
Cleavage
When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating a set of smooth parallel sides.
Fracture
A mineral that breaks with a irregular surface exhibit.
Hardness
The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratch.
Magma
Molten rock material inside Earth.
A mineral is what three things?
naturally occuring, inorganic solid & crystline
What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?
oxygen & silicon
What does inorganic mean?
material that is nonliving
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
breakage, hardness, & crystal shape
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
- streak
- luster
- cleavage
- fracture
- atomic arrangement
- crystal shape
- hardness
What are two types of luster?
non-metallic & metallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
very easily, metal-like
How does metallic luster reflect light?
very easily, metal-like
How does non-metallic luster reflect light?
glassy, waxy, pearly, or earth-y
How do you preform a streak test?
rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
cleavage/fracture
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
cleavage/fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs Scale of Hardness
WHat is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?
1-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
6
What do minerals grow from?
inside-out
What are three ways mineral can form?
molten rock, hot water, & evaporation
What are two mineral groups?
silicates & non- silicates
Which mineral group in the most abundant in Earth’s crust?
silicates
What elements are Silicates made up of?
silicon & oxygen
Non-silicates do not contain what element?
Silicon
What mineral is used to make glass?
Quartz
