Chapter 25 Review Questions Flashcards
Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________.
a) anuria
b) polyuria
c) oliguria
d) none of the above
B. Polyuria
The color of urine is determined mainly by ________.
a)diet
b)filtration rate
c)byproducts of red blood cell breakdown
d)filtration efficiency
c)byproducts of red blood cell breakdown
Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is called ________.
a)normal
b)polyuria
c)oliguria
d)anuria
D. Anuria
Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________.
a) urethra
b)bladder
c)ureters
d)urethra, bladder, and ureters
C. Ureters
Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax the external urethral sphincter to allow urination.
a)stimulated
b)inhibited
B. Inhibited
Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal?
a)kidneys
b)ureters
c)bladder
d)nephrons
C. Bladder
The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.
a)renal medulla
b)minor calyces
c)medullary cortices
d)renal columns
D. Renal columns
The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.
a)loop of Henle
b)minor calyces
c)portal system
d)ureter
Loop of henle
The right kidney is slightly lower because __________.
a) it is displaced by the liver
b) it is displaced by the heart
c)it is slightly smaller
d) it needs protection of the lower ribs
a) it is displaced by the liver
Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.
a)glomerulus
b)Bowman’s capsule
c)calyces
d)renal papillae
b)Bowman’s capsule
What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole?
a)arcuate and medullary
b)interlobar and interlobular
c)peritubular and vasa recta
d)peritubular and medullary
c)peritubular and vasa recta
The functional unit of the kidney is called ________.
a)the renal hilus
b)the renal corpuscle
c)the nephron
d)Bowman’s capsule
c)the nephron
________ pressure must be greater on the capillary side of the filtration membrane to achieve filtration.
a)Osmotic
b)Hydrostatic
b)Hydrostatic
Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of ________.
a)filtration
b)absorption
c)secretion
d)filtration, absorption, and secretion
d)filtration, absorption, and secretion
Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.
a) true
b) false
False
Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct.
a) true
b) false
False
Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.
a) proximal convoluted tubule
b)descending loop of Henle
c)ascending loop of Henle
d)distal convoluted tubule
e)collecting ducts
a) proximal convoluted tubule
The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________.
a)the proximal convoluted tubule
b)the collecting ducts
c)the ascending loop of Henle
d)the distal convoluted tubule
b)the collecting ducts
Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is due to ________.
a) more frequent action potentials
b) less frequent action potentials
b) less frequent action potentials
When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will ________ to mount a steady rate of filtration.
a)contract
b)relax
Contract
Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation?
a)ATP
b)adenosine
d)nitric oxide
Nitric oxide
What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?
a)renin
b)nitric oxide
c)dopamine
d)aldosterone
d)aldosterone
Which of these is a vasoconstrictor?
a)nitric oxide
b)natriuretic hormone
c)bradykinin
d)angiotensin II
d)angiotensin II
What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?
a)increased blood pressure
b)decreased blood pressure
c)increased Na+ levels
d)decreased Na+ levels
a)increased blood pressure
Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect?
a)tea
b)coffee
c)alcohol
d)milk
Milk
Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?
a)aldosterone
b)ADH
c)PTH
d)ANH
a)aldosterone
Renin is released in response to ________.
a)increased blood pressure
b)decreased blood pressure
c)ACE
d)diuretics
Decreased blood pressure
Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney perform?
a)converts cholecalciferol into calcidiol
b)converts calcidiol into calcitriol
c)stores vitamin D
d)none of these
converts calcidol into calcitriol
Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?
a)thrombopoeitin
b)vitamin D
c)EPO
d)renin
EPO
If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct, ________.
a)you would develop systemic edema
b)you would retain excess Na+
c)you would lose vitamins and electrolytes
d)you would suffer severe dehydration
d)you would suffer severe dehydration
