Chapter 25 Review Questions

Question 1

Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________.
a) anuria
b) polyuria
c) oliguria
d) none of the above

Answer 1

B. Polyuria

Question 2

The color of urine is determined mainly by ________.
a)diet
b)filtration rate
c)byproducts of red blood cell breakdown
d)filtration efficiency

Answer 2

c)byproducts of red blood cell breakdown

Question 3

Production of less than 50 mL/day of urine is called ________.
a)normal
b)polyuria
c)oliguria
d)anuria

Answer 3

D. Anuria

Question 4

Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________.
a) urethra
b)bladder
c)ureters
d)urethra, bladder, and ureters

Answer 4

C. Ureters

Question 5

Somatic motor neurons must be ________ to relax the external urethral sphincter to allow urination.
a)stimulated
b)inhibited

Answer 5

B. Inhibited

Question 6

Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal?
a)kidneys
b)ureters
c)bladder
d)nephrons

Answer 6

C. Bladder

Question 7

The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________.
a)renal medulla
b)minor calyces
c)medullary cortices
d)renal columns

Answer 7

D. Renal columns

Question 8

The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________.
a)loop of Henle
b)minor calyces
c)portal system
d)ureter

Answer 8

Loop of henle

Question 9

The right kidney is slightly lower because __________.
a) it is displaced by the liver
b) it is displaced by the heart
c)it is slightly smaller
d) it needs protection of the lower ribs

Answer 9

a) it is displaced by the liver

Question 10

Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________.
a)glomerulus
b)Bowman’s capsule
c)calyces
d)renal papillae

Answer 10

b)Bowman’s capsule

Question 11

What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole?
a)arcuate and medullary
b)interlobar and interlobular
c)peritubular and vasa recta
d)peritubular and medullary

Answer 11

c)peritubular and vasa recta

Question 12

The functional unit of the kidney is called ________.
a)the renal hilus
b)the renal corpuscle
c)the nephron
d)Bowman’s capsule

Answer 12

c)the nephron

Question 13

________ pressure must be greater on the capillary side of the filtration membrane to achieve filtration.
a)Osmotic
b)Hydrostatic

Answer 13

b)Hydrostatic

Question 14

Production of urine to modify plasma makeup is the result of ________.
a)filtration
b)absorption
c)secretion
d)filtration, absorption, and secretion

Answer 14

d)filtration, absorption, and secretion

Question 15

Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.
a) true
b) false

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct.
a) true
b) false

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron.
a) proximal convoluted tubule
b)descending loop of Henle
c)ascending loop of Henle
d)distal convoluted tubule
e)collecting ducts

Answer 17

a) proximal convoluted tubule

Question 18

The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________.
a)the proximal convoluted tubule
b)the collecting ducts
c)the ascending loop of Henle
d)the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 18

b)the collecting ducts

Question 19

Vasodilation of blood vessels to the kidneys is due to ________.
a) more frequent action potentials
b) less frequent action potentials

Answer 19

b) less frequent action potentials

Question 20

When blood pressure increases, blood vessels supplying the kidney will ________ to mount a steady rate of filtration.
a)contract
b)relax

Answer 20

Contract

Question 21

Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation?
a)ATP
b)adenosine
d)nitric oxide

Answer 21

Nitric oxide

Question 22

What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?
a)renin
b)nitric oxide
c)dopamine
d)aldosterone

Answer 22

d)aldosterone

Question 23

Which of these is a vasoconstrictor?
a)nitric oxide
b)natriuretic hormone
c)bradykinin
d)angiotensin II

Answer 23

d)angiotensin II

Question 24

What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?
a)increased blood pressure
b)decreased blood pressure
c)increased Na+ levels
d)decreased Na+ levels

Answer 24

a)increased blood pressure

Question 25

Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect?
a)tea
b)coffee
c)alcohol
d)milk

Answer 25

Milk

Question 26

Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?
a)aldosterone
b)ADH
c)PTH
d)ANH

Answer 26

a)aldosterone

Question 27

Renin is released in response to ________.
a)increased blood pressure
b)decreased blood pressure
c)ACE
d)diuretics

Answer 27

Decreased blood pressure

Question 28

Which step in vitamin D production does the kidney perform?
a)converts cholecalciferol into calcidiol
b)converts calcidiol into calcitriol
c)stores vitamin D
d)none of these

Answer 28

converts calcidol into calcitriol

Question 29

Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?
a)thrombopoeitin
b)vitamin D
c)EPO
d)renin

Answer 29

EPO

Question 30

If there were no aquaporin channels in the collecting duct, ________.
a)you would develop systemic edema
b)you would retain excess Na+
c)you would lose vitamins and electrolytes
d)you would suffer severe dehydration

Answer 30

d)you would suffer severe dehydration