Chapter 22 Review Questions

Question 1

Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?

Answer 1

alveoli

Question 2

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

increase surface area

Question 3

The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?

Answer 3

oral cavity

Question 4

Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?

Answer 4

C-shaped cartilage
smooth muscle fibers
cilia
all of the above

Question 5

Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?

Answer 5

alveoli

Question 6

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

Answer 6

to remove pathogens and debris

Question 7

Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?

Answer 7

fissure

Question 8

A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________.

Answer 8

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 9

The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.

Answer 9

respiratory

Question 10

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________.

Answer 10

visceral and parietal pleurae.

Question 11

Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?

Answer 11

pulmonary ventilation

Question 12

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.

Answer 12

increase in

Question 13

The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________.

Answer 13

transpulmonary pressure

Question 14

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.

Answer 14

resistance

Question 15

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?

Answer 15

The ribs and sternum move upward.

Question 16

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?

Answer 16

residual volume

Question 17

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

Answer 17

high; low

Question 18

When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?

Answer 18

The capillary constricts.

Question 19

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.

Answer 19

internal respiration

Question 20

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?

Answer 20

It diffuses into the alveoli.

Question 21

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?

Answer 21

hemoglobin and oxygen

Question 22

Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen–hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?

Answer 22

temperature
pH
BPG
all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift?

Answer 23

Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.

Question 24

A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________.

Answer 24

Haldane effect

Question 25

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.

Answer 25

acclimatization

Question 26

Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following?

Answer 26

small venous reserve of oxygen

Question 27

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

Answer 27

erythropoietin

Question 28

The olfactory pits form from which of the following?

Answer 28

ectoderm

Question 29

A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________.

Answer 29

early childhood, around 8 years of age

Question 30

If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect?

Answer 30

difficulty inflating the lungs

Question 31

When do fetal breathing movements begin?

Answer 31

around week 20

Question 32

What happens to the fluid that remains in the lungs after birth?

Answer 32

It is absorbed shortly after birth.