Chapter 22 Review Questions Flashcards
Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?
alveoli
What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?
increase surface area
The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?
oral cavity
Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?
C-shaped cartilage
smooth muscle fibers
cilia
all of the above
Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?
alveoli
What is the role of alveolar macrophages?
to remove pathogens and debris
Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?
fissure
A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________.
bronchopulmonary segment
The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
respiratory
The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________.
visceral and parietal pleurae.
Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?
pulmonary ventilation
A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.
increase in
The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________.
transpulmonary pressure
Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.
resistance
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?
The ribs and sternum move upward.
Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?
residual volume
Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.
high; low
When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?
The capillary constricts.
Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.
internal respiration
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?
It diffuses into the alveoli.
Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?
hemoglobin and oxygen
Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen–hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?
temperature
pH
BPG
all of the above
Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift?
Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.
A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________.
Haldane effect
Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.
acclimatization
Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following?
small venous reserve of oxygen
Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?
erythropoietin
The olfactory pits form from which of the following?
ectoderm
A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________.
early childhood, around 8 years of age
If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect?
difficulty inflating the lungs
When do fetal breathing movements begin?
around week 20
What happens to the fluid that remains in the lungs after birth?
It is absorbed shortly after birth.
