Chapter 17 Review Questions Flashcards
Endocrine glands _____________.
Secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ___________.
Paracrine
A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of _____________.
Thyroid hormone
A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?
Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.
A student in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?
Neural
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of __________.
Nerve axons
Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?
TSH
How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
0
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance?
Antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true?
- It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx
- The parathyroid glands are embedded within it
- It manufactures three hormones
The secretion of the thyroid hormones is controlled by __________.
TSH from the anterior pituitary
The development of a goiter indicates that ___________.
There is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles
Iodine ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via __________.
Active transport
When blood calcium levels low, PTH stimulates ___________.
The activity of osteoclasts
Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?
Fractures
The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?
Kidneys
What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
Chromaffin cells
Cushing’s disease is a disorder caused by __________.
Abnormally high levels of cortisol
Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response?
Reduced mental activity
What cells secrete melatonin?
Pinealocytes
The production of melatonin is inhibited by __________.
Exposure to bright light
The gonads produce what class of hormones?
Steroid hormones
The productions of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?
Inhibin
The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ___________.
Prepare the breasts for lactation
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?
Glucagon
Which of the following statements about insulin is true?
Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.
The end result of the RAAS is to _________.
Increase blood pressure
Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their _________.
Blood oxygen levels
Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the __________.
Development of T cells
The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layers?
Oral ectoderm
In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes __________.
Decreased basal metabolic rate
The walls of the atria produce which hormone?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
