Chapter 25 - Metabolism

Question 1

what is metabolism?

Answer 1

all the chemical reactions in the body.
catabolism breaks down, anabolism builds up.

Question 2

what is the nutrient pool?

Answer 2

all available nutrient molecules distributed in the blood

Question 3

what are carbohydrates broken into?
what is this process?

Answer 3

glucose
glycogenesis
1. Glucose is first stored in the liver and skeletal muscle as glycogen = glycogenesis is process of storage
2. Second stored as fat - (glucose → glycerol and fatty acid) = lipogenesis is process of storage
gluconeogenesis - new formation
glycogenesis - formation from excess glucose
glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen

Question 4

fats

Answer 4

broken into Fatty acids and glycerol
Fat metabolism
- triglycerides are the most abundant lipid in the body
- transport of lipids is by lipoproteins:
4 classes of lipoproteins
Chylomicrons -
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDs)
Low-density lps (LDLs) - bad
High-density lps (HDLs) - good

2 sources of cholesterol in the body - food we eat & liver synthesis

Question 5

proteins

Answer 5

broken into Amino acids
Protein metabolism

• Body synthesizes 100,000 - 140,000 different proteins. All parts of the body
• All proteins are built from the same 20 amino acids
  10 essential acids, 2 are insufficiently synthesized
  Nonessential amino acids (10 of these?)