chapter 25 Flashcards
socialist who organize “The Blackshirts” aka Fascist Party
Benito Mussolini
a form of socialism that exercise totalitarian control
Fascism
Socialist who created the “National Socialist German Workers’ Party” or “Nazis”
Adolf Hitler
a form of socialism that relies on terrorist aggression, fanatical racism, and anti democratic nationalism
Nazism
Hitler’s autobiography and exposition of Nazi ideology
Mein Kampf
Germany’s chief legislative body. Started electing Nazi candidates
Reichstag
Hitler appointed himself the new leader of the Third Reich
“Der Fuhrer”
led the militarists in the thirties, using military to fix economic and social problems
General Hideki Tojo
the official head of the government with no real authority
Emperor Hirohito
1931, Japan begins the wave of aggression by seizing “Manchukuo”
Manchuria, China
by 1939, Japanese controlled most of eastern China
Eastern China
volunteer squadrons of American airmen led by Claire Chennault
“Flying Tigers”
1935, Mussolini invaded the nation and slaughter the people
Ethiopia
Hitler regained his demilitarized land with his new military
Rhineland, Germany
(General Francisco Franco vs. Spain’s socialist government)
The Spanish Civil War
1936 Mussolini and Hitler joined forces in the Rome-Berlin Axis
Formation of the Axis
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
Tripartite Treaty
1938 Hitler removed the Chancellor of Austria and established the Anschluss, forced union of Germany with Austria
Axis Powers Austria
1918-1938 the new nation became the most prosperous eastern european nation
Czechoslovakia
Mussolini conquered Albania in the Balkans 1939
Albania
Hitler desires the Polish Corridor
Poland
A secret plan to invade Poland and divide the land between Russia and Germany
Navi-Soviet Pact
Hitler Invades Poland
September 1, 1939
World War II Begins
September 3, 1939
warships desitend to fit the size limitations imposed by Treaty of Versailles
“Pocket Battleships”
Congress’ legislation which allowed the President to forbid trade with belligerents on American ships and limit trade with warring countries to goods paid for in cash and carried from American ports in foreign vessels
Neutrality Act of 1937
March 1941 Congress granted the President the right to sell, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of war materials to any nation whose defense he held to be vital to American security
Lend-Lease Act
December 1937, Japanese airmen sunk the American gunboat Panay
The Panay Incident
the home base for America’s Pacific fleet
Pearl Harbor
Japanese attacked Pearl harbor, destroyed 18 ships, 170 airplanes, and killed over 3,500 serviceman
December 7, 1941
a French port, failed to be raided by the allies
Dieppe
the leader of the British Eighth Army
General Bernard Montgomery
leader of the American forces
General Dwight D. Eisenhower and George S. Patton
Japanese-American Soldiers
The Nisei (meaning second generation)
a unit of Nisei, the most decorated infantry unit in all of the U.S. Army
442nd Regimental Combat Team
Thousands of Allied troops hit the beaches of Normandy, France in the largest amphibious assault in History
June 6, 1944 (D-Day)
German officials attempt to assassinate Hitler
July 20, 1944
Free French Forces liberated Paris
August 23, 1944
Hitler launched a counterattack through the Ardennes Forest
December 1944
Nazi troops were confined to single “Bulge” and eventually had to retreat
December 16
The Nazis’ last great offensive in the west
The Battle of the Bulge
Soviets invaded Germany from the East, Allies in the West forced Germans back to the Rhine River
March 1945
Adolf Hitler committed suicide in an underground bunker
April 30, 1945
Germans surrendered unconditionally
May 7, 1945
V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)
May 8, 1945
only had half of the time he needed to prepare the Philippines before the Japanese attacked
General Douglas MacArthur
British surrendered Christmas Day, 1941
Hong Kong
fell in February 1942
Singapore
Japanese 1942, Japanese cut off the last land route to China
Burma Road
February 1942, American and Dutch Asiatic fleets but were defeated by and Japan conquered the land by March
Battle of the Java Sea
April 1942, 16 American B-25 bombers over Japanese cities, scaring the Japanese and pushing them to expand too far
Colonel “Jimmy” Doolittle
the strategy to only invade important islands to establish air and naval bases
“Island hopping”
The Solomon Islands
Admiral William Halsey
commander-in-chief, focusing on the central pacific
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Nov 1943, island hop one
Tarawa
une/July 1944, the keystone of the Japanese defense
Saipan
heavy Japan losses
Battle of the Philippine Sea
Oct. 1944, Japan lost almost all of their remaining ships and planes
Battle of Leyte Gulf
a tiny island with a vital Japanese aircraft base
Iwo Jima
an even more intense struggle than Iwo Jima
Okinawa
Suicide planes loaded with explosives
Kamikazes
became president after Roosevelt’s death in 1945
Harry S. Truman
Allies call upon the Japanese to unconditionally surrender, that they would neither be enslaved or destroyed
July 16, 1945
the largest research and scientific effort of its day. Created the Atomic Bomb
The Manhattan Project
a German-born Jewish Physicist
Albert Einstein
Fled Fascist Italy
Enrico Fermi
A Jewish émigré from Hungry
Edward Teller
an American-born Jewish man
Robert Oppenheimer
August 6, 1945 92,000 Japanese died and the city was destroyed
Hiroshima
August 8, 1945: 40,000 Japanese killed
Nagasaki
September 2, 1945 Victory in Japan Day
V-J Day
an elite corps of extremely fanatical nazis
SS
the Nazi secret police
Gestapo
Reich Marshal
Hermann Göring
Leader of the SS
Heinrich Himmler
Director of the SS office for Jewish deportation
Adolf Eichmann
Commander of Auschwitz
Rudolf Höss
1941 Roosevelt and Churchill declared/urged that the nations of the world ought to abandon the use of force and to work together for world peace
The Atlantic Charter
Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1943 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Iran to discuss the fate of liberated countries and post-war peace
“The Big Three” at Tehran
Feb 4/12, 1945, the big three meet at a Black Sea island resort, Unfortunately giving land to Stalin including Poland, Manchuria, Mongolia
Disaster at Yalta
a new permanent world peace organization
United Nations
Summer 1945, planning the final defeat of Japan. Divided Germany into West and East Germany, and West and East Berlin
The Potsdam Conference
