Biology test 9 first day review Flashcards by Lainey Garrett

study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment

ecology

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an animal’s environment or home

habitat

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relatively thin layer of Earth’s surface in which life exists

biosphere

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basic unit of ecology

ecosystem

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smallest living unit of the biosphere

organism

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all of the living things in an ecosystem

community

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abiotic factors

temperature, wind, water, atmosphere, soil

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idea range in which creatures won’t only survive, but will thrive

optimum range

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any factor outside an organism’s tolerance range that threatens survival

limiting factor

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consumers that feed on plants

herbivores

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consumers that feed on other animals

carnivores

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a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level

food web

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model used by ecologists to show the nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem

food chain

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one organism is benefited the other is harmed

parasitism

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both animals benefit in this relationship

mutualism

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relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped

commensalism

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relationship in which organism hunts, kills, and eats another

predation

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organisms share only an indirect relationship

neutralism

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relationship in which grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it

herbivory

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another name for a water cycle

hydrologic cycle

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biome with well defined seasons

temperate deciduous forest

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areas where more water is loss through evaporation than gained through rainfall

desert

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The rich and beautiful prairies and plains of North America, whose fertile soils are almost without rival in the world,

grassland

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biome with long, harsh winter and freezing temperatures, but doesn’t contain permafrost

alpine tundra

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biome with harsh, long winters, but with numerous trees and heavy snowfalls, and a longer summer

northern coniferous forest

biome with long, harsh winters, freezing temps, snow, ice, and high winds, and permafrost is found in this

arctic tundra

hot, humid regions that receive abundant rain and have a year-round growing season

tropical rainforest

form of grassland where lions and leopards and cheetahs are found

savannahs

high salinity ecosystem

marine

area where freshwater mixes with seawater

estuary

succession that begins with barren ground

primary succession

first species to settle an area after devastation

pioneer

wise use of natural resources

conservation

man's role in nature to subdue the earth

dominion

managing creation in a way that balances natural resources; taking care of the land

stewardship

living organisms that move from place to place in their environment, mainly for the purpose of obtaining food

animals

animals trapped in one location that move the environment to them

sessile

animals that can move their bodies from place to place

motile

symmetry that stays the same no matter what direction is divided

radial symmetry

animals that do not have symmetry

asymmetry

form of symmetry found in humans and all vertebrates

bilateral symmetry

4 characteristics in mammals

milk, hair, warm-blooded, 4 chamber heart

stable internal temp

homeothermic

egg laying animals

oviparous

give birth to live young

viviparous

animal in the order tubulidentata

aardvark "earth pig"

largest living land animals

elephant

the incisor teeth of an elephant

tusks

what order is egg laying mammals

monotremata

what two mammals lay eggs

echidna and platypus

what order is made up of aquatic mammals that ancient scientist thought were sirens- the dugong and manatee are a part of this order

sirenia

means strange joints

xenarthra

means little armored one

armadillo

the slowest mammal

ai sloth

means active at night / animals that are active at night

nocturnal

animals that are active during the day

diurnal

(the order that kangaroos and opossums are a part of) pouched mammals

marsupials

what is the pouch of a marsupial called

marsupium

what is the only marsupial found in north america

opossum

what is the largest marsupial

kangaroo

what is the order that contains bats (flying mammals)

chiroptera

what do bats use to hunt and find their prey

echolocation

a giant strainer whales use on the sides of their jaw to filter their food from their water

baleen

what is the largest animal

blue whale

what is the order that monkeys apes and lemurs etc noted for their intelligence

primates

a tail designed for grasping objects

prehensile tail

are the small gnawing mammals that have two pairs of sharp, chisel-like incisor teeth (includes mice and squirrels)

rodents

what is the best way to control rat population

sanitation

what is the largest rodent

capybara

what is the longest gliding mammal

flying lemur

what is also known as a coney

hyrax (known in the bible)

what is any condition that interferes with a normal function of the body

Disease

what is any organism that causes disease

pathogen

the most common immunological disease

allergies

what is a disease your born with

congenital

a condition that results from the run away growth of the body’s own cells.

cancer

what are the bacterial shapes

cocci bacilli spirilla

what is an animal that carries disease

vector

person who displays no symp-toms of an infectious disease but harbors the pathogens in his body and can pass them on to infect others;

carrier

an epidemic that affects a large portion of earth

Pandemic

Who is responsible for the use of antiseptic?

Joseph Lester

What are the Y shaped protein cells?

Antibodies

name for tissue fluid that has entered the lymph vessels

lymph

what is the largest lymph organ

spleen

what virus causes aids

HIV

, substances produced by bacteria, molds, and certain other organisms that are effective in stopping the growth of microorganism

antibiotics

The idea that living things can arise from nonliving things

spontaneous generation

the teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor

evolution

became the absolute authority in human anatomy for over a thousand years

galen

father of anatomy

vesalius

the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and has no spiritual or supernatural aspects

materialism

book that gives us a guide to life

bible

says that living things can come only from other living things

law of biogenesis

idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life is called

scientism

the basis for one’s philosophy

worldview

the idea that the present is the only key to the past

uniformitarianissm

where darwin published his ideas about evolution

the origin of species

changes within a particular kind of organism

speciation

sought to improve the hu-man species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race

eugenics

hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time

macroevolution

This simple-to-complex sequence of fossils is known as

geologic column

Where can you find the geologic column

Nowhere

Layers in the geologic column are identified by the pres-ence of characteristic- fossils that are used to prove the geologic column

index fossils

—the logical fallacy of basing an argument on the very premise it attempts to prove

Circular reasoning

what is the main difference between man and animals

man was made in gods image

transitional form that was later revealed that the creature was not human-like at all but was very similar to modern orangutan

Ramapithicus

came from a pigs tooth

nebraska man

transitional form that was a hoax

Piltdown man

What is Lucy classified as?

Australopithecus afarensis

A mix of human and ape fossils

Homo habilis or handyman

What transitional form fossil was lost during World War II

Peking man

What two fossils are now identified as homo erectus

Piltdown man and java man

what fossil was found in a German valley

Neanderthal man

What fossil was found in a cave in France?

Cro-Magnon man

Who made comparative anatomy?

Jorge Cuvier

Who had the watchmaker theory?

Paley

Random errors in an organisms, genetic material

Mutations

what are both creation, sciences, and evolution based on?

Faith