Biology test 9 first day review Flashcards
study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment
ecology
an animal’s environment or home
habitat
relatively thin layer of Earth’s surface in which life exists
biosphere
basic unit of ecology
ecosystem
smallest living unit of the biosphere
organism
all of the living things in an ecosystem
community
abiotic factors
temperature, wind, water, atmosphere, soil
idea range in which creatures won’t only survive, but will thrive
optimum range
any factor outside an organism’s tolerance range that threatens survival
limiting factor
consumers that feed on plants
herbivores
consumers that feed on other animals
carnivores
a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level
food web
model used by ecologists to show the nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem
food chain
one organism is benefited the other is harmed
parasitism
both animals benefit in this relationship
mutualism
relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped
commensalism
relationship in which organism hunts, kills, and eats another
predation
organisms share only an indirect relationship
neutralism
relationship in which grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions of the plant without killing it
herbivory
another name for a water cycle
hydrologic cycle
biome with well defined seasons
temperate deciduous forest
areas where more water is loss through evaporation than gained through rainfall
desert
The rich and beautiful prairies and plains of North America, whose fertile soils are almost without rival in the world,
grassland
biome with long, harsh winter and freezing temperatures, but doesn’t contain permafrost
alpine tundra
biome with harsh, long winters, but with numerous trees and heavy snowfalls, and a longer summer
northern coniferous forest
biome with long, harsh winters, freezing temps, snow, ice, and high winds, and permafrost is found in this
arctic tundra
hot, humid regions that receive abundant rain and have a year-round growing season
tropical rainforest
form of grassland where lions and leopards and cheetahs are found
savannahs
high salinity ecosystem
marine
area where freshwater mixes with seawater
estuary
succession that begins with barren ground
primary succession
first species to settle an area after devastation
pioneer
wise use of natural resources
conservation
man’s role in nature to subdue the earth
dominion
managing creation in a way that balances natural resources; taking care of the land
stewardship
living organisms that move from place to place in their environment, mainly for the purpose of obtaining food
animals
animals trapped in one location that move the environment to them
sessile
animals that can move their bodies from place to place
motile
symmetry that stays the same no matter what direction is divided
radial symmetry
animals that do not have symmetry
asymmetry
form of symmetry found in humans and all vertebrates
bilateral symmetry
4 characteristics in mammals
milk, hair, warm-blooded, 4 chamber heart
stable internal temp
homeothermic
egg laying animals
oviparous
give birth to live young
viviparous
animal in the order tubulidentata
aardvark “earth pig”
largest living land animals
elephant
the incisor teeth of an elephant
tusks
what order is egg laying mammals
monotremata
what two mammals lay eggs
echidna and platypus
what order is made up of aquatic mammals that ancient scientist thought were sirens- the dugong and manatee are a part of this order
sirenia
means strange joints
xenarthra
means little armored one
armadillo
the slowest mammal
ai sloth
means active at night / animals that are active at night
nocturnal
animals that are active during the day
diurnal
(the order that kangaroos and opossums are a part of) pouched mammals
marsupials
what is the pouch of a marsupial called
marsupium
what is the only marsupial found in north america
opossum
what is the largest marsupial
kangaroo
what is the order that contains bats (flying mammals)
chiroptera
what do bats use to hunt and find their prey
echolocation
a giant strainer whales use on the sides of their jaw to filter their food from their water
baleen
what is the largest animal
blue whale
what is the order that monkeys apes and lemurs etc noted for their intelligence
primates
a tail designed for grasping objects
prehensile tail
are the small gnawing
mammals that have two pairs of sharp, chisel-like incisor teeth (includes mice and squirrels)
rodents
what is the best way to control rat population
sanitation
what is the largest rodent
capybara
what is the longest gliding mammal
flying lemur
what is also known as a coney
hyrax (known in the bible)
what is any condition that interferes with a normal function of the body
Disease
what is any organism that causes disease
pathogen
the most common immunological disease
allergies
what is a disease your born with
congenital
a condition that results from the run away growth of the body’s own cells.
cancer
what are the bacterial shapes
cocci
bacilli
spirilla
what is an animal that carries disease
vector
person who displays no symp-toms of an infectious disease but harbors the pathogens in his body and can pass them on to infect others;
carrier
an epidemic that affects a large portion of earth
Pandemic
Who is responsible for the use of antiseptic?
Joseph Lester
What are the Y shaped protein cells?
Antibodies
name for tissue fluid that has entered the lymph vessels
lymph
what is the largest lymph organ
spleen
what virus causes aids
HIV
, substances produced by bacteria, molds, and certain other organisms that are effective in stopping the growth of microorganism
antibiotics
The idea that living things can arise from nonliving things
spontaneous generation
the teaching that all living things developed from a common ancestor
evolution
became the absolute authority in human anatomy for over a thousand years
galen
father of anatomy
vesalius
the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and has no spiritual or supernatural aspects
materialism
book that gives us a guide to life
bible
says that living things can come only from other living things
law of biogenesis
idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life is called
scientism
the basis for one’s philosophy
worldview
the idea that the present is the only key to the past
uniformitarianissm
where darwin published his ideas about evolution
the origin of species
changes within a particular kind of organism
speciation
sought to improve the hu-man species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race
eugenics
hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time
macroevolution
This simple-to-complex sequence of fossils is known as
geologic column
Where can you find the geologic column
Nowhere
Layers in the geologic column are identified by the pres-ence of characteristic- fossils that are used to prove the geologic column
index fossils
—the logical fallacy of basing an argument on the very premise it attempts to prove
Circular reasoning
what is the main difference between man and animals
man was made in gods image
transitional form that was later revealed that the creature was not human-like at all but was very similar to modern orangutan
Ramapithicus
came from a pigs tooth
nebraska man
transitional form that was a hoax
Piltdown man
What is Lucy classified as?
Australopithecus afarensis
A mix of human and ape fossils
Homo habilis or handyman
What transitional form fossil was lost during World War II
Peking man
What two fossils are now identified as homo erectus
Piltdown man and java man
what fossil was found in a German valley
Neanderthal man
What fossil was found in a cave in France?
Cro-Magnon man
Who made comparative anatomy?
Jorge Cuvier
Who had the watchmaker theory?
Paley
Random errors in an organisms, genetic material
Mutations
what are both creation, sciences, and evolution based on?
Faith
