chapter 22 Flashcards
who expanded the field of physics with the quantum theory of matter and energy
Max Planck
who was called “the father of nuclear science” ; also advanced the science of physics in 1911 with his nuclear theory of the atom
Ernest Rutherford
who revised Rutherford’s work and produced the planetary model of the atom, which showed the subatomic particles revolving around a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons (bohr’s model)
Niels Bohr
a German of Jewish descent, revolutionized the scientific world with his theories of relativity, which uncovered new principles of order and reality, dramatically increasing our understanding of the universe
Albert Einstein
the best-remembered agricultural scientist is American
Washington Carver
2nd leader of united germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Germany, austria-hungary, italy
triple alliance
France great Britain, russia
triple entente
Heir to the Austrian Throne, assassinated on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian revolutionary
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Austria declared war on Serbia, the Great War (World War I) begins
July 28, 1914
Triple Entente + Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Romania, Portugal, and Japan
Allies
Triple Alliance + Bulgaria and Turkey
Central Powers
August 1914, French forces hold back the Germans at the Marne river, saving Paris
“Miracle on the Marne”
October/November 1914, Allies and Germans race for the English Channel
“Race to the Sea”
deep ditches used in battle for cover against enemy gunfire
Trenches
Christmas 1914, 600 miles from the English Channel to Swiss alps
Western Front
1916, Germans attempt to crack French defense
The Battle of Verdun
commander of Verdun Fortress
Henri Pétain
1916 British attempt to relieve pressure on France by attacking Germans at Somme River
The Somme Defense
nickname for British soldiers
“Tommies”
generals who became supreme commanders of the central powers
Paul von Hindenburg and Erich von Ludendorff
Germany defeats 2 Russian armies
Battle of Tannenberg
March 1917
Russian Revolution
Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Provisional government to establish a Communist dictatorship
Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin took Russia out of WWI
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
British Colonel, defended the Suez Canal, led Arab revolts against the Turks
T.E. Lawrence
Allies captured Jerusalem Dec. 1917
Edmund Allenby
England’s first Lord of the Admiralty
Winston Churchill
Germany’s new weapon of war
Submarine
May 7, 1915 a British Luxury liner sunk by Germany (Americans onboard)
Lusitania
May 1916 WWI’s most important naval battle (Germans vs. British)
Battle of Jutland
pilots who shot down at least five enemy aircraft
aces
“The Red Baron” German
Manfred von Richthofen
American Ace
Eddie Rickenbacker
1917, German promised Mexico territory if they attack the U.S. and gain Japan’s support
The Zimmerman Note
“The world must be safe for democracy
Woodrow Wilson
U.S. declares war on Germany
April 6, 1917
Germans famous long-range guns
“Big Bertha”
U.S. General arriving in France with his “Doughboys”
John J. “Blackjack” Pershing
Supreme commander of the Allied forces (French)
Ferdinand Foch
Germany’s representative Government
Weimar Republic
November 11, 1918
Armistice Day
Wilson’s speech/program for World Peace
Fourteen Points
President Wilson, Prime Minister David Lloyed George (UK), Premier Georges Clemenceau (France), and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
“Big Four”
a international body that promise “to guarantee international cooperation to achieve international peace and security”
“League of Nations”
The Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919
