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Physical science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

A long narrow depression that forms between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge

A

rift valley

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3
Q

The boundary were two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in the process called ____

A

Subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart

A

Divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

The type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

Is the sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along huge cracks in the eaths crust called fualts

A

Earthquacke

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8
Q

A crack along the earths crust along which a rock has moved

A

fualt

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9
Q

The sudden release of strain energy as a rock moves along a fault

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

The point of origin for an earthquake

A

focus

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11
Q

the point on earths surface directly above the focus

A

epicenter

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12
Q

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

what are some evidence for the continental drift hypothesis

A
  1. the continents matched up like a puzzle piece
  2. mountain ranges with the same rock type lined up
  3. large land animals fossils found
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14
Q

what was the name of the super continent

A

Pangea

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15
Q

who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

how did harry Hess discover sea spreading

A

He used sonar

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17
Q

who discovered the MOR or mid-ocean ridge

A

Harry hess

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18
Q

on the ocean floor, where is the newer rock formed

A

closer to the MOR

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19
Q

what are the three types of plate boundaries

A

1- divergent plate boundary
2-convergent plate boundary
3- transform plate boundary

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20
Q

how does convergent plate boundaries move

A

1- they collide together

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21
Q

what type of boundary will subduction occur

A

convergent plate boundary

22
Q

what types of crusts do we have

A

continental crust and oceanic crust

23
Q

what type of crust must be present for volcanic activity to occur

A

Oceanic crust

24
Q

if two continental crust converge what will be created

A

a mountain

25
Q

if oceanic and continental crusts converge what two land forms can be created

A

deep sea trench and volcanoes

26
Q

what can be created when two oceanic plates collide

A

volcanic islands & deeps sea trenches

27
Q

what do hot spots create

A

volcanic islands

28
Q

how do divergent plate boundaries move

A

they divide or move away from each other

29
Q

what are examples of a divergent plate boundary

A

In water it would be an MOR (only oceanic crust)

On land, the East African rift ( only continental crust)

30
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move

A

They slide horizontally past each other

31
Q

what is an example of a transform plate boundary

A

The San-Andres fault

32
Q

what is the cooling and heating cycle of magma in the earths mantle called

A

Convection current

33
Q

what is a convection current

A
  1. magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises

2. magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks

34
Q

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes

A

Divergent and transform

35
Q

which plate boundaries have deeper earthquakes

A

convergent

36
Q

what are the four types of stress are applied to rocks that can cause earthquakes

A

compression stress
tension stress
a shear stress
torsion stress

37
Q

what are the 2 types of deformation

A

elastic deformation and plastic deformation

38
Q

what happens during elastic deformation

A

when stress is removed it returns to its original form

39
Q

what happens during plastic deformation

A

what stress is applied it remains in its new shape

40
Q

how many types of seismic waves are there

A

3 types
Primary waves
secondary waves
surface waves

41
Q

what are the two types of body waves

A

primary waves (P- waves) and secondary waves (S-waves)

42
Q

What type of wave is a primary wave

A

A compression wave

43
Q

which body wave moves the fastest

A

Primary waves

44
Q

what type of materials do P-waves travel through

A

Solids and liquids

45
Q

what kind of wave is the sencondary wave

A

transverse waves

46
Q

what kind of material do s-waves travel through

A

Only solids

47
Q

what types of waves do the most damage

A

Surface waves

48
Q

what are the two scales used to measure earthquakes

A

The Richter scale

Mercalli scale

49
Q

what does the Richter scale measure

A

The amount of energy released

50
Q

What doe the Mercalli scale measure

A

The amount of damage

Physical science (11 decks)

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