chapter 25.3 & 25.4 Flashcards
the earths layers include
the inner core, outer core, mantle, and the crust
what is the boundary that marks a density change between layers
discontinuity
how can discontinuities be identified
by studying seismic waves
what is a shadow zone
where no seismic waves have been recorded
whats another term or name for a shadow zone
A dead zone
what are the degrees from the epicenter that shadow are found
at 105 and 140 degrees
is the outer core a solid or a liquid
its a liquid
is the inner core a solid or a liquid? why?
Its a solid due to the pressure
what is the lithosphere
the crust and the upper-most mantle
what is the asthenosphere
is a plastic like layer that the plates move on
what metallic materials make up the core
Iron and nickle
what elements make up the mantle
calcium, aluminum, iron and magnesium
is the measure of a fluids resistance to flow
viscosity
is the chemical compound silicon dioxide
Silica
tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range and have short eruption cycles
cinder cone volcano
are brod flat structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows
shield volcano
are large and steep sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometres across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash
composite volcano
what is molten or liquid rocks stored inside earth called
magma
where is the ring of fire next to
pacific ocean
what forms when when tectonic plates slide along subduction zones
volcanoes
which two locations can volcanic activity occur due to divergence
the mid Atlantic ridge and the East African rift valley
are hot spots stationary
hot spots do not move they are stationary
what are created from hot spots
volcanic islands (Hawaii)
if a liquid has a higher viscosity, is it going to run faster or slower
it will run slower
if magma has a higher viscosity, does it have more or less silica
the higher the viscosity the more the silica
what is pyroclastic material
any solid material that erupts from a volcano
what is the smallest type of pyroclastic material
ash
what are the largest pyroclastic material
blocks and bombs
what are the types of gases that come from a volcano
water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide
how are volcanoes classified
by their size shape and the materials that they erupt
what are the three types of volcanoes
cinder cone, shield, and composite volcanoes
