Chapter 27.1 +27.2 Flashcards
What is weathering
is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface
what is soil
is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
What is erosion
is the removal of surface material in the process of weathering
As rocks weather, erosional agents such as water, ice, wind, and gravity, move eroded material from one place to another in a process called ____
sediment transport
The land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s ___
Drainage basin
The movement of water parallel to a shoreline is called a ____
Long shore current
when an erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in the process
Deposition
do rocks weather at the same rate
No i depends on rock type and location
what are two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather
rock type and landscape
what are two types of weathering
Mechanical and chemical
what type of change happens with chemical weathering
chemical changes
what type of change happens with mechanical weathering
Physical changes
what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
collisions, biological activity, and frost wedging
what causes frost wedging
when water collects in the cracks of rocks and freezes and expands cracking the rock more
what is the cycle called during frost wedging
freeze thaw cycle
what causes biological activity
plant and animal activity
what causes weathering during collisions
when a rock falls off a cliff or tumbles through a turbulent river river
what is parent material?
the material from which soil forms
what are soil horizons
the different layers of soil
how many soil horizons are there
6
true or false: All soils contain every soil horizon
false
what are the specific soil horizons
- O horizon
- A horizon
- E horizon
- B horizon
- C horizon
- R horizon
what does the first soil horizon contain
organic material
what is the second soil horizon mostly made up of
mostly minerals
which layer does leaching occur
Horizon E
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
Horizon B
which layer is partially weathered bedrock
Horizon C
which layer is unweathered bedrock
Horizon R
which soil horizons make up the topsoil
O and A horizons
which soil horizons make up the subsoil
E and B
what is the difference between weathering and erosion
weathering is the break down of material while erosion is the removal of surface material from wind water etc.
True or false
as the slope of a river decreases, the rivers speed decreases
true
what is the land area called that gathers water for a river called
drainage basin
what is the boundrey called that serperates district drainage basins
drainage divide
as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity , water erodes earths surface creating __
channels
what shape do young rivers create due to fast movement
V shapes
what rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes
mature rivers
when rivers flood and drop their sediment load what land form is created
flood plains
what are fan shaped sediment deposits that will form at the mouth on the river
a delta
what are distributaries
smaller branching channels created by deltas
what forms when the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land
alluvial fans
what are the two types of glaciers
Vally glaciers and Continental glaciers
where do valley glaciers form
in high mountainous regions
where do Continental glaciers form
in large land areas in colder climates
where are the two Continental glaciers located
on in Greenland and one in Antarctica
what is a cirque
bowl shaped basins
What are arete
where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge line
what is a horn
sharpened peaks
what do tributarys create
hanging valleys
what are tributary glacier
small glaciers that feed into large glaciers
what shape of valleys glaciers create
cause v shaped streams in to u shaped valleys
which side of a sand dune does erosion occur
the windward side
which side does deposition occur on a sand dunce
the leeward side
what is deflation
when wind caused the removal of small particles which leaves the heaver particles behind
when small particles are removed, the remaining surface is called ____
Desert pavement
what does the shape and size of land forms depends on based on wind
- wind speed
- amount of time the wind blows
- sediment supply
what are three land forms created by wave erosion
Coastal cliffs, sea arches, and sea stacks
what sre two examples of wave deposition
Sand bars and sand spits
what is a sand bar
land forms that are parallel to the shoreline
what are sand spits
are sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape
what is mass wasting caused by
its caused by snow earthquakes, heavy rains or human activity
what is mass wasting
when erosion occurs as materials moves down a slop
what are some examples of mass wasting
rock slides, mud flows, and land slides
