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Physical science > Chapter 27.1 +27.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 27.1 +27.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is weathering

A

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

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2
Q

what is soil

A

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

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3
Q

What is erosion

A

is the removal of surface material in the process of weathering

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4
Q

As rocks weather, erosional agents such as water, ice, wind, and gravity, move eroded material from one place to another in a process called ____

A

sediment transport

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5
Q

The land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s ___

A

Drainage basin

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6
Q

The movement of water parallel to a shoreline is called a ____

A

Long shore current

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7
Q

when an erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in the process

A

Deposition

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8
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

No i depends on rock type and location

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9
Q

what are two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

rock type and landscape

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10
Q

what are two types of weathering

A

Mechanical and chemical

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11
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

chemical changes

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12
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

Physical changes

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13
Q

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

collisions, biological activity, and frost wedging

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14
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

when water collects in the cracks of rocks and freezes and expands cracking the rock more

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15
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze thaw cycle

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16
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plant and animal activity

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17
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

when a rock falls off a cliff or tumbles through a turbulent river river

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18
Q

what is parent material?

A

the material from which soil forms

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19
Q

what are soil horizons

A

the different layers of soil

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20
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6

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21
Q

true or false: All soils contain every soil horizon

A

false

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22
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A
  • O horizon
  • A horizon
  • E horizon
  • B horizon
  • C horizon
  • R horizon
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23
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

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24
Q

what is the second soil horizon mostly made up of

A

mostly minerals

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25
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

Horizon E

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26
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

A

Horizon B

27
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

Horizon C

28
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

Horizon R

29
Q

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

A

O and A horizons

30
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

A

E and B

31
Q

what is the difference between weathering and erosion

A

weathering is the break down of material while erosion is the removal of surface material from wind water etc.

32
Q

True or false

as the slope of a river decreases, the rivers speed decreases

A

true

33
Q

what is the land area called that gathers water for a river called

A

drainage basin

34
Q

what is the boundrey called that serperates district drainage basins

A

drainage divide

35
Q

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity , water erodes earths surface creating __

A

channels

36
Q

what shape do young rivers create due to fast movement

A

V shapes

37
Q

what rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

A

mature rivers

38
Q

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load what land form is created

A

flood plains

39
Q

what are fan shaped sediment deposits that will form at the mouth on the river

A

a delta

40
Q

what are distributaries

A

smaller branching channels created by deltas

41
Q

what forms when the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land

A

alluvial fans

42
Q

what are the two types of glaciers

A

Vally glaciers and Continental glaciers

43
Q

where do valley glaciers form

A

in high mountainous regions

44
Q

where do Continental glaciers form

A

in large land areas in colder climates

45
Q

where are the two Continental glaciers located

A

on in Greenland and one in Antarctica

46
Q

what is a cirque

A

bowl shaped basins

47
Q

What are arete

A

where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridge line

48
Q

what is a horn

A

sharpened peaks

49
Q

what do tributarys create

A

hanging valleys

50
Q

what are tributary glacier

A

small glaciers that feed into large glaciers

51
Q

what shape of valleys glaciers create

A

cause v shaped streams in to u shaped valleys

52
Q

which side of a sand dune does erosion occur

A

the windward side

53
Q

which side does deposition occur on a sand dunce

A

the leeward side

54
Q

what is deflation

A

when wind caused the removal of small particles which leaves the heaver particles behind

55
Q

when small particles are removed, the remaining surface is called ____

A

Desert pavement

56
Q

what does the shape and size of land forms depends on based on wind

A
  • wind speed
  • amount of time the wind blows
  • sediment supply
57
Q

what are three land forms created by wave erosion

A

Coastal cliffs, sea arches, and sea stacks

58
Q

what sre two examples of wave deposition

A

Sand bars and sand spits

59
Q

what is a sand bar

A

land forms that are parallel to the shoreline

60
Q

what are sand spits

A

are sandbars that extend into the water from land and curve back toward land in a hook shape

61
Q

what is mass wasting caused by

A

its caused by snow earthquakes, heavy rains or human activity

62
Q

what is mass wasting

A

when erosion occurs as materials moves down a slop

63
Q

what are some examples of mass wasting

A

rock slides, mud flows, and land slides

Physical science (11 decks)

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