Chapter 24 - Hematologic Emergencies

Question 1

A vasoocclusive crisis that can be associated with pneumonia; common signs and symptoms include chest pain, fever, and cough; associated with sickle cell disease.

Answer 1

acute chest syndrome

Question 2

A condition in which red blood cells become trapped in the spleen, causing a dramatic fall in hemoglobin available in the circulation; it usually occurs in infants or toddlers.

Answer 2

acute splenic sequestration syndrome

Question 3

A lower than normal hemoglobin or erythrocyte level.

Answer 3

Anemia

Question 4

A temporary halt in the production of red blood cells; it may occur as a result of sickle cell disease.

Answer 4

aplastic crisis

Question 5

Any type of bleeding disorder that interferes with the activation or continuation of the clotting cascade or hemostasis.

Answer 5

coagulopathy

Question 6

A condition that begins with widespread activation of the clotting cascade, which depletes the clotting factors and platelets, and eventually results in uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Answer 6

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 7

Red blood cells.

Answer 7

erythrocytes

Question 8

The proportion of red blood cells in the total blood volume.

Answer 8

hematocrit

Question 9

An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs.

Answer 9

hemoglobin

Question 10

A condition in which red blood cells break down quickly; it may occur as a result of sickle cell disease.

Answer 10

hemolytic crisis

Question 11

A disorder relating to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Answer 11

hemolytic disorder

Question 12

A bleeding disorder that is primarily hereditary, in which clotting does not occur or occurs insufficiently.

Answer 12

hemophilia

Question 13

The body’s natural blood-clotting mechanism; involves the steps of blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.

Answer 13

hemostasis

Question 14

The most common type of anemia, in which iron stores are low or lacking and the serum iron concentration is low.

Answer 14

iron-deficiency anemia

Question 15

A cancer or malignancy of the blood-forming organs that particularly affects the white blood cells, which develop abnormally and/or excessively at the expense of normal blood cells.

Answer 15

leukemia

Question 16

White blood cells.

Answer 16

leukocytes

Question 17

An elevated white blood cell count, often due to inflammation.

Answer 17

leukocytosis

Question 18

A reduction in the number of white blood cells.

Answer 18

leukopenia

Question 19

Lymphocytes that have been transformed because of stimulation by an antigen.

Answer 19

lymphoblasts

Question 20

A disease in which the number of plasma cells in the bone marrow increases abnormally, causing tumors to form in the bones.

Answer 20

multiple myeloma

Question 21

An abnormally low number of neutrophils.

Answer 21

neutropenia

Question 22

An overabundance or overproduction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, making the blood thick; a characteristic of people with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia.

Answer 22

polycythemia

Question 23

The system in the body that is primarily used to defend against infection.

Answer 23

reticuloendothelial system

Question 24

An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease.

Answer 24

splenic sequestration crisis

Question 25

A type of anemia in which either not enough hemoglobin is produced or the hemoglobin is defective.

Answer 25

thalassemia

Question 26

Platelets.

Answer 26

thrombocytes

Question 27

A reduction in the number of platelets in the blood.

Answer 27

thrombocytopenia

Question 28

A condition in which the body produces too many platelets.

Answer 28

thrombocytosis