Chapter 23 - Endocrine Emergencies

Question 1

Acute adrenal insufficiency

Answer 1

Addisonian crisis

Question 2

Male sex hormones that regulate body changes associated with sexual development (puberty), including growth spurts, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and pubic hair, and muscle growth and strength.

Answer 2

Androgens

Question 3

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, ADH constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure; also called vasopressin

Answer 3

antidiuretic hormone

Question 4

The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.

Answer 4

calcitonin

Question 5

Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland, that regulate the body’s metabolism, the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function.

Answer 5

Corticosteroids

Question 6

Hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production; produced by the middle adrenal cortex, and influences protein and fat metabolism; a glucocorticoid that stimulates glucose to be synthesized from noncarbohydrates.

Answer 6

Cortisol

Question 7

A condition caused by an excess of cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) hormones.

Answer 7

Cushing syndrome

Question 8

Protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket.

Answer 8

exophthalmos

Question 9

An autoimmune disorder that causes thyroid gland hypertrophy and severe hyperthyroidism.

Answer 9

Graves Disease

Question 10

A type of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged as it is infiltrated by T lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Answer 10

Hashimoto disease

Question 11

A metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes; it is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis. Also known as hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK).

Answer 11

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

Question 12

A metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes; it is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis. Also known as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS).

Answer 12

hyperosmolar nonketotic coma

Question 13

Condition in which the pancreas produces enough insulin but the body cannot effectively use it.

Answer 13

insulin resistance

Question 14

Groups of specialized cells located in the pancreas that produce insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.

Answer 14

islets of Langerhans

Question 15

The metabolism (breakdown or destruction) of stored fat that has been released into the circulation.

Answer 15

lipolysis

Question 16

Hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones.

Answer 16

luteinizing hormone

Question 17

Microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls.

Answer 17

microangiopathy

Question 18

A rare condition that can occur in patients who have severe, untreated hypothyroidism.

Answer 18

myxedema coma

Question 19

The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, thyroxine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, and antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 19

panhypopituitarism

Question 20

A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that acts as an antagonist to calcitonin, secreted when calcium blood levels are low; it maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood and normal neuromuscular function.

Answer 20

parathyroid hormone

Question 21

A tumor of the adrenal gland, usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Answer 21

pheochromocytoma

Question 22

Significant thirst.

Answer 22

polydipsia

Question 23

Increased appetite.

Answer 23

polyphagia

Question 24

An “orange peel” appearance and nonpitting edema of the skin on the anterior part of the leg below the knee.

Answer 24

pretibial myxedema

Question 25

A female hormone released from the ovaries that promotes changes in the uterus during the reproductive cycle, affects the mammary glands, and helps regulate gonadotropin secretion.

Answer 25

progesterone

Question 26

A hormone that inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion by the pancreas.

Answer 26

somatostatin

Question 27

A rare, life-threatening condition that may occur in patients with thyrotoxicosis. The condition is usually triggered by a stressful event or increased volume of thyroid hormones in the circulation.

Answer 27

thyroid storm