Chapter 23 - Endocrine Emergencies Flashcards
Acute adrenal insufficiency
Addisonian crisis
Male sex hormones that regulate body changes associated with sexual development (puberty), including growth spurts, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and pubic hair, and muscle growth and strength.
Androgens
A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, ADH constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure; also called vasopressin
antidiuretic hormone
The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.
calcitonin
Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland, that regulate the body’s metabolism, the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function.
Corticosteroids
Hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production; produced by the middle adrenal cortex, and influences protein and fat metabolism; a glucocorticoid that stimulates glucose to be synthesized from noncarbohydrates.
Cortisol
A condition caused by an excess of cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) hormones.
Cushing syndrome
Protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket.
exophthalmos
An autoimmune disorder that causes thyroid gland hypertrophy and severe hyperthyroidism.
Graves Disease
A type of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged as it is infiltrated by T lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Hashimoto disease
A metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes; it is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis. Also known as hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK).
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
A metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes; it is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis. Also known as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS).
hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Condition in which the pancreas produces enough insulin but the body cannot effectively use it.
insulin resistance
Groups of specialized cells located in the pancreas that produce insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.
islets of Langerhans
The metabolism (breakdown or destruction) of stored fat that has been released into the circulation.
lipolysis
Hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones.
luteinizing hormone
Microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls.
microangiopathy
A rare condition that can occur in patients who have severe, untreated hypothyroidism.
myxedema coma
The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, thyroxine, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, and antidiuretic hormone.
panhypopituitarism
A hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that acts as an antagonist to calcitonin, secreted when calcium blood levels are low; it maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood and normal neuromuscular function.
parathyroid hormone
A tumor of the adrenal gland, usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.
pheochromocytoma
Significant thirst.
polydipsia
Increased appetite.
polyphagia
An “orange peel” appearance and nonpitting edema of the skin on the anterior part of the leg below the knee.
pretibial myxedema
A female hormone released from the ovaries that promotes changes in the uterus during the reproductive cycle, affects the mammary glands, and helps regulate gonadotropin secretion.
progesterone
A hormone that inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion by the pancreas.
somatostatin
A rare, life-threatening condition that may occur in patients with thyrotoxicosis. The condition is usually triggered by a stressful event or increased volume of thyroid hormones in the circulation.
thyroid storm
