Chapter 16 - Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Alveolar collapse that prevents use of that portion of the lungs for ventilation and oxygenation.

A

atelectasis

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2
Q

A pharmacologic agent that stimulates the beta-2 receptor sites found in smooth muscle; includes common bronchodilators such as albuterol and levalbuterol.

A

beta-2 agonist

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3
Q

Poisoning characterized by severe muscle paralysis and usually caused by eating food containing botulinum toxin.

A

botulism

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4
Q

Deep cyanosis of the face and neck that extends across the chest and back; associated with little or no blood flow; a particularly ominous sign.

A

cape cyanosis

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5
Q

A ridgelike projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi.

A

carina

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6
Q

A contorted position of the hand or foot in which the fingers or toes flex in a clawlike manner; may result from hyperventilation or hypocalcemia.

A

carpopedal spasm

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7
Q

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is characterized by excessive mucus production as a result of overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways.

A

chronic bronchitis

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8
Q

Heart disease that develops because of chronic lung disease and affects primarily the right side of the heart.

A

cor pulmonale

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9
Q

The production of large amounts of urine by the kidney.

A

diuresis

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10
Q

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by distention of the alveoli and destructive changes in the lung parenchyma.

A

emphysema

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11
Q

A mesh filter placed in the inferior vena cava to catch blood clots in patients who are at high risk of pulmonary embolus.

A

Greenfield filter

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12
Q

A rare disease of unknown cause characterized by progressive paralysis moving from the feet to the head (ascending paralysis); if paralysis reaches the diaphragm, the patient may require respiratory support; can lead to paralysis within 2 weeks.

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

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13
Q

Engorgement of the jugular veins when the liver is gently pressed; this finding is specific to right-sided heart failure.

A

hepatojugular reflux

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14
Q

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

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15
Q

Firming of the lungs as a result of fluid accumulation.

A

lung consolidation

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16
Q

The sound of one note during wheezing, caused by the vibration of a single bronchus.

A

monophonic

17
Q

One of three sets of lymphatic organs that constitute the tonsils; located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity; help protect the body from bacteria and other pathogens introduced into the mouth and nose.

A

palatine tonsils

18
Q

The functional portions of a gland or solid organ.

A

parenchyma

19
Q

Severe shortness of breath occurring at night after several hours of recumbency, during which fluid pools in the lungs; the person is forced to sit up to breathe; caused by left heart failure or decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

20
Q

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.

A

pleural effusion

21
Q

Lung inflammation from an irritant, such as a chemical, dust, or radiation, or from aspiration, such as aspiration of gastric contents.

A

pneumonitis

22
Q

An overabundance or overproduction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, making the blood thick; a characteristic of people with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia.

A

polycythemia

23
Q

The sound of multiple notes during wheezing; caused by the vibrations of multiple bronchi.

A

polyphonic

24
Q

A false membrane formed by a dead tissue layer; seen in the posterior pharynx of patients with diphtheria.

A

pseudomembrane

25
Q

A drop in the systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg more during inspiration; characteristic of conditions that cause profound pressure changes in the thorax; commonly seen in patients with cardiac tamponade or severe asthma.

A

pulsus paradoxus

26
Q

Full of pus; having the character of pus.

A

purulent

27
Q

A term used to describe any condition that causes hyperreactive bronchioles and bronchospasm in response to certain triggers.

A

reactive airway disease

28
Q

A device that collects medication as it is released from the canister of a metered-dose inhaler, allowing more medication to be delivered to the lungs and less to be lost to the environment.

A

Spacer

29
Q

A severe, prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with conventional treatment, such as the administration of epinephrine.

A

status asthmaticus

30
Q

Vibrations in the chest that can be felt with a hand on the chest as the patient breathes.

A

tactile fremitus

31
Q

A surgical opening into the trachea, created during a tracheotomy procedure.

A

tracheostomy