Chapter 23: Respriatory

Question 1

External respiration

Answer 1

exchange of gases between air spaces and blood

Question 2

Internal respiration

Answer 2

exchange of gases between blood and tissues

Question 3

Alveoli (air sacs) – sites of gas exchange;

Answer 3

Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelium);
Type II alveolar cells (secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension)

Question 4

Boyle’s Law:

Answer 4

“pressure of a gas (in enclosed space) varies inversely with the volume of the space”

Question 5

Expiration (exhalation)

Answer 5

Diaphragm relaxes; As intrathoracic pressure rises, air moves out of lungs.

Question 6

Tidal volume (TV)

Answer 6

volume of one breath (at rest, approx. 500 ml)

Question 7

Respiratory rate (RR)

Answer 7

of breaths per minute

Question 8

Minute ventilation:

Answer 8

total volume in/out in one minute (RR x TV)

Question 9

Vital capacity

Answer 9

volume of a full forceful expiration following deepest inspiration

Question 10

Daltons Law

Answer 10

A gas diffuses across a permeable membrane from an area where its partial pressure is greater to an area where its partial pressure is less

Question 11

hemoglobin

Answer 11

reversibly binds oxygen. 1.5% of O2 in blood is dissolved in plasma, 98.5% is bound to hemoglobin

Question 12

Factors which decrease the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin:

Answer 12

acidic environment
higher PCO2
higher temperature

Question 13

Carbon Dioxide Transport

Answer 13

bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

Question 14

Respiratory center (medulla and pons)

Answer 14

controls basic respiratory rhythm