Chapter 22: Lymphoid System

Question 1

Lymphoid System: Structure

Answer 1

Lymph plasm
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic vessels
Right Lymphatic duct
Cisterna chyli

Question 2

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 2

Red bone marrow: Contains lymphoid stem cells —production of pre-T cells and natural killer cells
Thymus gland: Maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 3

Lymph Nodes (filter lymph)

Answer 3

Parenchyma contains nodules (follicles) with germinal centers where B cells proliferate and produce antibodies

Question 4

Spleen White and Red Pulp

Answer 4

White pulp: lymphatic tissue
T cells destroy pathogens
B cells produce antibodies
Red pulp:
Contains macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes.
Contains sinusoids for removal and phagocytosis of infected blood cells, old RBCs and platelets.

Question 5

Lymphoid Nodules

Answer 5

Sites of immune response

Question 6

Resistance and Susceptibility

Answer 6

Ability to ward off pathogens

Innate resistance–nonspecific resistance; general defenses

Immunity—adaptive and specific; learned resistance to specific pathogens

Question 7

Innate, Nonspecific Resistance

Answer 7

First line:
physical barriers
chemical barriers
Second line (after penetration of skin or mucous membrane):
Antimicrobial proteins
Natural killer cells
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Fever

Question 8

Cardinal signs of inflammation:

Answer 8

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain (a symptom)

Question 9

Immunity:
Adaptive, Specific Resistance

Answer 9

Tolerance: immune system ignores molecules that it identifies as self
Specificity: response of immune system tailored to one particular antigen
Memory: vigorous, speedy response to subsequent exposure to same antigen
Antigen: foreign molecule (not-self) that stimulates an immune response
MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules: self-antigens on cell membranes, unique to each person

Question 10

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Answer 10

MHC I molecules: on all body cells except RBCs
MHC II molecules: found only on antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells)

Question 11

Cell–Mediated Immunity

Answer 11

cells attacking other cells. Carried out by T cells. Effective against intracellular pathogens

Question 12

Cell–Mediated Immunity: Three types of T cells produced:

Answer 12

Memory T cells
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells

Question 13

Antibody-Mediated Immunity

Answer 13

carried out by B cells. Effective against extracellular pathogens

Question 14

Antibodies

Answer 14

Antibody=immunoglobulin or Ig. Protein molecule made up of antigen binding site unique to that antibody and a constant region

Question 15

Immunological memory:

Answer 15

Primary response (first exposure to an antigen) memory B and T lymphocytes are produced
Secondary response (subsequent exposures to an antigen)
Vaccination: