Chapter 19: Blood

Question 1

Blood: Plasma and Formed Elements

Answer 1

erythrocytes (red blood cells) carry oxygen
thrombocytes (platelets) for hemostasis
leukocytes (white blood cells) for defense/immunity

Question 2

Abnormal Numbers of WBCs

Answer 2

Leukopenia: decreased # of WBCs in blood
Leukocytosis: elevated # of WBCs in blood

Question 3

Hemostasis

Answer 3

a sequence of responses that stops bleeding

Question 4

Coagulation factors: Clotting

Answer 4

Clotting is initiated by tissue or vessel damage, leading to production of thrombin. Thrombin (an enzyme) catalyzes the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin threads, forming a network to trap blood cells.

Question 5

Blood Groups: Isoantigens

Answer 5

genetically determined blood group antigens on RBCs

Question 6

ABO group: A and B isoantigens

Answer 6

Type A = only A antigens present on RBCs
Type B = only B antigens present
Type AB = both A and B antigens present
Type O = neither A nor B present

Question 7

Universal recipients and donors

Answer 7

People who are AB+ are universal recipients, meaning they can safely receive a blood transfusion of any other blood type. 1 O- individuals are universal donors

Question 8

Hemopoiesis: 
Formation of Blood Cells

Answer 8

stem cells in red bone marrow produce: Lymphoid stem cells (give rise to T and B lymphocytes)
Myeloid stem cells (give rise to all other blood cells and platelets)

Question 9

Erythropoietin (from kidneys stimulates…

Answer 9

RBC formation

Question 10

Thrombopoietin (from liver) stimulates…

Answer 10

platelet production

Question 11

Cytokines (hormones from WBCs) stimulate…

Answer 11

WBC Production