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Health Assessment for Nurses > Chapter 23- Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 23- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The musculoskeletal system consists of ____.

A

bones, joints, and muscles

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2
Q

The musculoskeletal system is needed for :

A

support and to stand erect

movement

to encase and protect inner vital organs

to produce RBCs in bone marrow

Serve as a reservoir for storage of essential minerals

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3
Q

Musculoskeletal components :

A

Bones and cartilage

fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Joints

ligaments

Bursa

Muscle

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4
Q

___ are places of union of 2 or more bones

A

joints or articulations

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5
Q

fibrous bands from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and prevent of union of two or more bones

A

Ligaments

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6
Q

enclosed fluid filled sac that serves as a cushion

A

Bursa

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7
Q

What kind of joint: Bones united by interjacent fibrous tissue or cartilage and do not move (sutures in skull)

A

Fibrous joints

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8
Q

What kind of joint: Separated by fibrous cartilage and are slightly moveable (vertebrae)

A

Cartilaginous joints

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9
Q

Freely moveable joints separated by one another and enclosed in a cavity lined with synovial membrane that secretes fluid

A

Synovial joints

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10
Q

Bursae are located in areas of ___ to facilitate movement of muscles and tendons

A

potential friction

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11
Q

synovial joints are surrounded by ____

A

ligaments

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12
Q

Synovial joints contain a layer of ___ cartilage

A

avascular

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13
Q

Bending limb at joint

A

Flexion

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14
Q

Straightening limb at joint

A

Extension

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15
Q

moving limb away from midline of body

A

Abduction

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16
Q

Moving limb toward midline of body

A

Adduction

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17
Q

turning forearm so that palm is down

A

pronation

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18
Q

turning forearm so that palm is up

A

supination

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19
Q

moving arm in circle around shoulder

A

circumduction

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20
Q

moving sole of foot inward at ankle

A

inversion

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21
Q

moving some of foot outward at ankle

A

eversion

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22
Q

moving head around central axis

A

rotation

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23
Q

moving body part forward, parallel to ground

A

protraction

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24
Q

moving body part backward, parallel to ground

A

retraction

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25
Q

raising a body part

A

elevation

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26
Q

lowering a body part

A

depression

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27
Q

the articulation of mandible and temporal bone

A

temporomandibular joint

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28
Q

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) permits ___

A

jaw function of speaking and chewing

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29
Q

TMJ allows 3 motions:

A

hinge action to open and close jaws

gliding action for protrusion and retraction

gliding for side-to-side movement of lower jaw

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30
Q

33 connecting bones stacked in vertical column

A

Vertebrae

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31
Q

Vertebrae in humans: how many cervical? thoracic? lumbar? sacral? coccygeal?

A 
7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3-4 coccygeal
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32
Q

You can feel the spinous processes in furrow down the __ of the back

A

midline

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33
Q

Spinous processes of __ and __ prominent at base of neck

A

C7 and T1

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34
Q

The inferior angle of scapula normally at level of interspace between __ and __.

A

T7 and T8

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35
Q

The imaginary line connecting highest points on each iliac crest crosses __.

A

L4

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36
Q

Imaginary line joining two symmetric dimples that overlie posterior superior iliac spines crosses the __.

A

sacrum

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37
Q

The lateral view of the spine shows the vertebral column having __ curves, a ___-S shape.

A

4

double

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38
Q

Cervia and lumbar curves are ___

A

concave (inward or anterior)

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39
Q

Thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are ___.

A

convex

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40
Q

What allows the spine to absorb shock?

A

The balanced or compensatory nature of curves together with the intervertebral disks

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41
Q

__ are elastic fibrocartilaginous plates that constitute one fourth the length of column

A

Intervertebral disks

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42
Q

__ is the disk center composed of soft, semifluid, mucoid material

A

Nucleus pulposus

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43
Q

Motions of vertebral column:

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation

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44
Q

What makes up the shoulder girdle?

A

Humerus, scapula, clavicle, joints and muscle

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45
Q

what joint is this? The articulation of humerus with glenn is fossa of scapula

A

Glenohumeral joint

46
Q

___ action allows mobility of arm on many axes

A

ball-and-socket

47
Q

A group of 4 (SITS) muscles and tendons that support and stabilize shoulder

A

Rotator cuff

48
Q

the subacromial bursa assists with ___ of the arm.

A

Abduction

49
Q

Landmarks::: The scapula and clavicle form the ____.

A

Shoulder girdle

50
Q

You can feel the bump of the ___ a domino process at the very top of the shoulder.

A

scapula’s

51
Q

The elbow joint contains 3 bony articulations:

A

humerus, radius, and ulna of forearm

52
Q

Palpable landmarks for elbow:

A

medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus and large olecranon process of ulna between them.

53
Q

The radius and ulna articulate with eachother at 2 radioulnar joints, one at the __ and one at the ___.

A

elbow

wrist

54
Q

The condyloid action permits movement in 2 planes at rught angles: __ and __ and ___ deviation.

A

flexion
extension
side-to-side

55
Q

The midcarpal joint allows :

A

flexion, extension, and some rotation

56
Q

The articulation(joint) of the hip is :

A

between acetabulum and head of the femur

57
Q

The ball-and-socket action on the hip permits ____

A

wide range of motion on many axes

58
Q

__ enhance stability and ___ facilitate movement.

A

muscles

bursae

59
Q

Palpation of what bony landmarks will guide your examination??

A

iliac crest
ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter of the femur

60
Q

What joint is this? The articulation of three bones- femur, tibia, and patella— in common articulation cavity

A

Knee joint

61
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

A

Knee joint

62
Q

The knee joint permits __ and __ of lower leg on single plane

A

flexion

extension

63
Q

____ membrane is the largest in the body.

A

Synovial

64
Q

Two wedge-shaped cartilages, called __ and ___, cushion the tibia and femur.

A

medial

lateral menisci

65
Q

The knee is stabilized by 2 sets of ligaments:

A

Cruciate

Collateral ligaments

66
Q

__ ligaments give anterior and posterior stability and help control rotation .

A

Cruciate

67
Q

___ ligaments give medial and lateral stability and prevent dislocation.

A

Collateral

68
Q

Landmarks of the knee:

A

Quadriceps muscle, felt on anterior and lateral thigh.

Tibial tuberosity- felt as bony prominence in the midline

Note lateral and medial condyles of tibia

Medial and lateral epicondyles of femur are on either side of patella

69
Q

The articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus

A

Ankle or tibiotalar joint

70
Q

Hinge joint: limited to __ and __ in one plane

A

flexion (dorsiflexion)

extension (plantar flexion)

71
Q

Joints distal tibia ankle give ____

A

additional mobility to the foot.

72
Q

subtalar joints permit __ and __ of foot.

A

inversion and eversion

73
Q

Foot has a ___ arch, with weight-bearing distributed between parts that touch the ground, the ___ and ___.

A

longitudinal arch

heads of the metatarsals and the calcaneous (heel)

74
Q

By age __, fetus has formed “scale model” of the skeleton of cartilage.

A

3

75
Q

__ to true bone continues in utero

A

Ossification

76
Q

“in the uterus”

A

in utero

77
Q

Bone growth occurs in __ dimensions.

A

2

78
Q

specialized growth plates at the end of long bones

A

Epiphyses

79
Q

Longitudinal growth continues until ___

A

closure of epiphyses. (last closure occurs at about age 20)

80
Q

Muscle scary in size and strength in different people due to __, __, and ___.

A

genetics
nutrition
exercise

81
Q

Pregnant Woman: increased levels of circulating hormones cause increased _____

A

mobility in joints

estrogen, relaxin, corticosteroids

82
Q

Increased mobility in __, __, and __ pubis joints in pelvis contributed to noticeable changes in maternal posture.

A

sacroiliac
sacrococcygeal
symphysis

83
Q

Most characteristic change in pregnant women is ___ leading to increased back strain.

A

progressive lordosis

84
Q

Pressure on ___ and ___ nerves are seen in the last trimester.

A

ulnar and median

85
Q

Compensatory postural change in pregnant women:

A

anterior flexion of neck and slumping of shoulder girdle

86
Q

___ ___ is cyclic process of resorption and deposition.

A

Bone remodeling

87
Q

After age 40, __ occurs more rapidly than __.

A

resorption

deposition

88
Q

Aging adult: ___ and ___ are most noticeable changes.

A

postural changed

decreased height

89
Q

___ leading to different contour in again adults.

A

Distribution of subcutaneous fat changes

90
Q

Loss of subcutaneous fat leaves ___ more marked.

A

bony prominences

91
Q

Aging adult; theirs an absolute loss in ____.

Decrease in size and atrophy produces ___

A

muscle mass

weakness

92
Q

Bone mineral density (BMD)
Higher BMD = ____
Lower BMD = ____

A

Higher BMD- denser bone

Lower BMD- consistent predictor of hip and vertebral fractures

93
Q

Earlier peak and rapid decline of BMD associated with increased fracture risk in ____ women.

A

Caucasian

94
Q

The purpose of a musculoskeletal examination is to ____

A

assess function for ADLs and to screen for abnormalities

95
Q

Take an orderly approach such as :

A

head to toe
proximal to distal
and from midline outward

96
Q

Does an audible and palpable snap or click occur in the mouth of healthy or sick people?

A

healthy

97
Q

Phalen test

A

Acute flexion of wrist produces numbness and burning if it is positive

98
Q

Tinel sign test

A

percussion of median nerve produces burning and tingling if positive

99
Q

Limitation of abduction of hip while supine is most common motion dysfunction found in ___

A

hip disease

100
Q

Perform McMurray’s test if ____ is suspected in knee.

audible click on examination is positive for prescence of this

A

meniscal tear

101
Q

If swelling is observed, test for ___ and ballottement of patella to distinguish soft-tissue swelling or increased fluid in joint.

A

bulge sign

102
Q

Enhanced thoracic curve typically seen in aging people

A

Kyphosis

103
Q

Pronounced lumbar curve seen in obese people

A

Lordosis

104
Q

When palpating spinous processes they should be :

A

straight and not tender

105
Q

When palpating paravertebral muscles they should be:

A

should feel firm with no tenderness or spasm.

106
Q

Spine; Flexion should be how many degrees?

A

75 to 90 degrees

107
Q

The concave lumbar curve should disappear with flexion , and back should have a single ____ curve.

A

Convex C-shaped

108
Q

Spine: When person is bent over, mark a dot on each spinous process, and when patient resumes standing the dots should ___.

A

Form a straight vertical line.

109
Q

Spine: When they bend sideways the degrees should be ___.
When they bend backward the degrees should be ___.
When they twist shoulders the rotation of degrees should be ___

A

35
30
30

110
Q

When doing Leg raising (Lasegue’s) Test, if it produces sciatic pain, then it confirms presence of ____.

A

herniated nucleus pulposus.

111
Q

___ test and ___ test are used to check for hip dislocation.

A

Allis test

Ortolani’s maneuver

112
Q

A twisting of the tibia

A

Tibial torsion

Health Assessment for Nurses (13 decks)

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