Chapter 17: Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Question 1

Functions of the nose:

Answer 1

• warms, moistens ad filters the inhaled air

- it is the sensory organ for smell

Question 2

The nasal cavity anterior edge is lined with:

Answer 2

-Numerous coarse nasal hairs.

Question 3

The rest of the nasal cavity its lined with:

Answer 3

-A blanket of ciliated mucous membrane.

Question 4

Air-filled pockets within the cranium

Answer 4

-Paranasal sinuses

Question 5

Functions of the paranasal sinuses:

Answer 5

• Serve to lighten the weight of the skull bones
• Serve as resonators for sound production
• Provide mucus, which drains into the nasal cavity.

Question 6

What are the 4 sets of sinuses and where are they?

Answer 6

• The maxillary and frontal sinuses are accessible to examination.
• The ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses are smaller and deeper within the skull.

Question 7

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 7

-Parotid: The largest, lies within the cheeks, in front of the ear, and extends from the zygomatic arch down to the angle of the jaw.
-Submandibular: the size of a walnut, lies beneath the mandible at the angle of the
jaw.
Sublingual: The smallest, is almond shaped and lies within the floor of the mouth under the tongue. It has many small openings along the sublingual fold under the tongue.

Question 8

What is the parotid’s duct and where is it?

Answer 8

• The Stensen’s duct

- runs forward to open on the buccal mucosa of the second molar.

Question 9

What is the Submandibular’s duct and where is it?

Answer 9

• The Wharton’s duct

- runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum

Question 10

If tooth loss occurs, the remaining teeth:

Answer 10

-Drift and cause malocclusion

Question 11

The stress of chewing with maloccluding teeth causes what 3 problems:

Answer 11

-Excessive bone resorption with further tooth loss.
-Muscle imbalance: resulting from a mandible and maxilla now out of alignment, which
produces muscle spasms, tenderness of muscles of mastication, and chronic headaches.
-The temporomandibular joint is stressed: leading to osteoarthritis, pain, and inability to fully open the mouth.

Question 12

What is a deviated nasal septum?

Answer 12

-looks like a hump or shelf in one nasal cavity

Question 13

What is a perforated nasal septum?

Answer 13

-seen as a spot or light from a penlight that is shining in the other naris.

Question 14

What is torus palatinus?

Answer 14

• A normal variation, a nodular bony ridge down the middle of the hard palate.
• It is a benign growth that occurs after puberty
• More common finding in Native Americans, Inuits, and Asians

Question 15

A large, grayish opaque patch that may be present along the buccal mucosa.

Answer 15

-Leukoedema

Question 16

A monilial infection, a white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue. It scrapes off, leaving a raw, red surface that bleeds easily.

Answer 16

Candidiasis

Question 17

Chalky, white, thick, raised patch with well-defined borders. The lesion is firm and does not scrape off and is due to chronic irritation. These lesions are precancerous.

Answer 17

Leukoplakia

Question 18

Small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of the cheek, tongue, and lips. They are painless sebaceous cysts and not significant.

Answer 18

Fordyce’s granules

Question 19

The 4-point scale is:

Answer 19

1+ Visible.
2+ Halfway between tonsillar palate and uvula. 3+ Touching the uvula.
4+ Touching each other.

Question 20

A normal finding in infants, a small pad in the middle of the upper lip from friction of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding.

Answer 20

Sucking tubercle

Question 21

A normal finding in newborns and infants, small, white, glistening, pearly papules on the hard palate, and on the gums, where they look like teeth. They are small retention cysts and disappear in the first few weeks.

Answer 21

Epstein’s pearls

Question 22

Traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard palate on either side of the midline that result from abrasions while sucking.

Answer 22

Bednar aphthae

Question 23

The inferior nasal turbinates should appear:

Answer 23

-the same light red color as the nasal mucosa

Question 24

Nasal polyps are:

Answer 24

• smooth
• pale gray
• avascular
• mobile
• nontender.