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Health Assessment for Nurses > Chapter 22- Abdomen > Flashcards

Chapter 22- Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Inside abdominal cavity, all organs are called ___

A

viscera

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2
Q

__ lines abdominal wall (parietal) and covers surface (visceral) or most organs.

A

Peritoneum

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3
Q

Solid viscera maintain their characteristic shape. examples:

A

liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus

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4
Q

The shape of hollow viscera depends on the contents. examples:

A

stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder

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5
Q

The abdominal wall is divided into 4 quadrants by a vertical and horizontal line bisecting thr unbilicus. 4 Q’s are :

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

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6
Q

Midline of the abdominal cavity:

A

Aorta
Bladder
Uterus

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7
Q 
What quadrant contains: 
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney and adrenal gland
Hepatic flexure of colon
Part of ascending and transverse colon
A

Right Upper Quadrant

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8
Q 
What quadrant contains:
Stomach 
Spleen 
Left lobe of Liver
Body of pancreas 
Left kidney and adrenal glad
Splenic flexure of colon
Part of transverse and descending colon
A

Left Upper Quadrant

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9
Q 
What quadrant contains:
Cecum
Appendix
Right ovary and tube
Right ureter
Right spermatic cord
A

Right Lower Quadrant

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10
Q 
What quadrant contains:
Part of descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left ovary and tube
Left ureter
Left spermatic cord
A

Left Lower Quadrant

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11
Q

In newborn, umbilical cord shows prominently on the ___.

A

abdomen

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12
Q

The umbilical cord contains ___ and ____.

A

2 arteries and 1 vein.

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13
Q

The __ takes up proportionately more space in abdomen at birth than in later life.

A

liver

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14
Q

___ located higher in abdomen in infants/children than in adult.

A

Urinary Bladder

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15
Q

During early childhood, abdominal wall is ___ muscular, so organs may be ___ to palpate.

A

less

easier

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16
Q

In healthy neonates, lower edge may be palpated __ to __ below right costal margin.

A

0.5 to 2.5 cm

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17
Q

Pregnant women: Constipation and increased venous pressure in lower pelvis leads to ___

A

Hemorrhoids

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18
Q

Pregnant women: enlarged __ leads to displacement of abdominal organs

A

uterus

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19
Q

__ changes in the abdomen such as striae, linea, and nigra.

A

Skin

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20
Q

Again adult: Although liver size ___, most liver functions remain __; however, drug metabolism is impaired.

A

decreases

normal

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21
Q

Again adult: __ decreases, leading to a __ mouth.

A

salivation

dry

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22
Q

Aging adults frequently report ___.

A

constipation

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23
Q

the digestive enzyme necessary for absorption of lactose.

A

Lactase

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24
Q

People who are ____ have abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence when milk products are consumed.

A

Lactose intolerant

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25
Q

Their is an ___ variation seen in people who are lactose intolerant.

A

ethnic

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26
Q 
Estimated incidence of lactose intolerance is:
\_\_\_ whites
\_\_\_ mexican americans
\_\_\_ of blacks 
\_\_\_ american indians.
A

20-30% Whites
70% Mexican Americans
80% Blacks
100% American Indians

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27
Q

What is the autoimmune disorder that includes being intolerant of gluten?

A

Celiac disease

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28
Q

Contour of Abdomen:

A

Determine profile from rib margin to pubic bone. Contour describes nutritional state and normally ranges from flat to rounded.

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29
Q

Demeanor of Abdomen:

A

A comfortable person is relaxed quietly on the examining table and has a benign facial expression and slow, even respirations

30
Q

Auscultation bowel sounds should be done before percussion and palpation.. why?

A

Because palpation and percussion can increase peristalsis, which would give false interpretation of bowel sounds.

31
Q

Use ___ end piece of stethoscope because bowel sounds are relatively ___.

A

diaphragm

high pitched

32
Q

Begin in ___ at ileocecal valve area because bowel sounds are normally always present here.

A

RLQ

33
Q

Bowel sounds originate from ___.

A

movement of air and fluid through small intestine

34
Q

High pitched, gurgling, cascading sounds, occurring irregularly anywhere from 5-30 times per minute

A

bowel sounds

35
Q

Abnormal bowel sounds:

A

Hypoactive- decreased, can follow abdominal surgery or with inflammation

Hyperactive- loud, high-pitched signal increased motility.

36
Q

The sound of hyper peristalsis

A

Borborygmus

37
Q

perfectly “silent abdomen” is ____. and you must listen to bowel sounds for ___ minutes before deciding they are ___.

A

uncommon
5 minutes
absent

38
Q

How do you check if nasogastric tube is in place?

A

x-ray or check the pH of the stomach aspirate.

Do not use auscultation for initial placement of nasogastric tube insertion

39
Q

Indirect fist percussion causes tissues to __ instead of produce a sound

A

vibrate

40
Q

To assess kidney, place one hand over ___ at costovertebral angle on back.

A

12th rib

41
Q

Mild tenderness normal present when palpating ___. Any other tenderness should be investigated.

A

Sigmoid colon

42
Q

If you identify a mass, first ____

A

distinguish it from a normally palpable structure or an enlarged organ.

43
Q

Palpating the Liver: place your left hand under a persons back parallel to ____ and lift up to support abdominal contents.

A

11th and 12th ribs

44
Q

Palpating the Liver: Place your right hand on ___, with fingers parallel to midline. Push deeply down and under right costal margin.

A

Right Upper Quadrant

45
Q

What is this test?
Place stethoscope over liver
With one fingernail, scratch short strokes over abdomen starting in RLQ, and moving toward liver
When scratching sound in stethoscope becomes magnified, you will have crossed boredee from over a hollow organ to a solid one.

A

Scratch Test

46
Q

Normally spleen is ____ and must be enlarged 3 times it’s normal size to be ___.

A

Not palpable

felt

47
Q

Finding spleen:

A

Reach your left hand over abdomen and behind left side at the 11th and 12th ribs.

Put right hand obliquely on LUQ with fingers pointing toward left axilla and just inferior to rib margin.

Push your hand deeply down and under left costal margin

48
Q

Left kidney is 1cm ___ then Right kidney.

A

higher

49
Q

Palpating the Aorta:

A

Use your opposing thumb and fingers, palpate aortic pulsating in upper abdomen slightly to left of midline.

Normally it is 2.5 to 4 cm wide in adult and pulsates in an anterior direction.

Widened in the prescence of abdominal aortic aneurysm

50
Q

Free fluid in peritoneal cavity

A

Ascites

51
Q

You can differentiate ascites from gaseous distnerion by performing :

A

fluid wave test

shifting dullness test

52
Q

This procedure makes structures that are indented by palpation rebound sudden.

A

Rebound tenderness (Blumberg’s sing)

53
Q

This test acquires you to hold your fingers under the liver border. Ask the person to take deep breaths, and they should be able to with no pain.

A

Inspiratory Arrest (Murphy sign)

54
Q 
What are these tests for?
McBurney Point Tenderness
Iliopsoas muscle test
Obturator Test
The Alvarado Score (AKA; Mantrels score)
A

appendicitis

55
Q

Inspection of infant abdomen: contour of abdomen is ___ because of immature abdominal musculature.

A

Protuberant

56
Q

Inspection of infant abdomen:

What are the characteristics of the umbilical cord at birth?

A

It is white and contains two umbilical arteries and one vein surrounded by mucous connective tissue, called Wharton’s jelly,

57
Q

What happened to the umbilical stump?

A

It dries within a week, hardens, and falls off by 10-14 days. Skin covers area by 3-4 weeks

58
Q

A separation of recurs muscles with a visible bulge along midline

A

Diastasis recti

59
Q

a high pitched musical sound that indicates a hollow space filled by air or gas in the stomach or intestine.

A

Tympany

60
Q 
What are these sounds:
Succession splash
Marked peristalsis
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Hyperactive bowel sounds
A

Abnormal bowel sounds

61
Q 
What are these?
Umbilical hernia
Epigastric hernia
Incisional hernia
Diastasis recti
A

Abnormal findings from inspection

62
Q

Inspection:

A

Contour, symmetry, umbilicus, skin, pulsation or movement, hair distribution, and demeanor

63
Q

Auscultation:

A

Bowel sounds

64
Q

Percussion

A

All 4 quadrants and borders of liver and spleen

65
Q

Palpation

A

Light and deep palpation in all 4 quadrants, and palpate for liver and spleen.

66
Q

Why might you see increased deposit is of subcutaneous fat on abdomen and hips?

A

Because it is redistributed from extremities

67
Q

Abdominal musculature is __ and has __ tone than that of a younger adult, so in absence of obesity tou may note peristalsis.

A

thinner

less

68
Q

Under age 4, abdomen looks protuberant when child is __ and ___.

A

supine and standing

69
Q

After age 4. potbelly remains when __ because of lumbar lordosis, but abdomen looks __ when supine.

A

standing

flat

70
Q

School-age child has a __ abdominal shape as he or she loses potbelly.

A

slim

71
Q

Percussion in an infant:

__ over stomach and __ over the liver

A

tympany

dullness

Health Assessment for Nurses (13 decks)

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