Chapter 14: Head, Face, and Neck, and Regional Lymphatics

Question 1

The major neck muscles are:

Answer 1

• Sternomastoid

- Trapezius

Question 2

What should appear symmetric when inspecting the head?

Answer 2

• Eyebrows
• Eyes
• Ears
• Nose
• Mouth
• Palpebral fissures
• Nasolabial folds

Question 3

The anterior triangle of the neck lies:

Answer 3

-In front, between the sternomastoid and the midline of the body, with its base up along the lower border of the mandible and its apex down at the suprasternal notch.

Question 4

The posterior triangle of the neck lies:

Answer 4

-Behind the sternomastoid muscle, with the trapezius muscle on the other side and with its base along the clavicle below.

Question 5

Abnormal characteristics of lymph nodes associated with disease states include the following: (3)

Answer 5

• In acute infection: nodes are bilateral, enlarged, warm, tender, and firm but not freely movable.
• In chronic inflammation: nodes are clumped.
• In cancer: nodes are hard, unilateral, nontender, and fixed.

Question 6

What is an edematous swelling and ecchymosis of the presenting part of the head due to birth trauma?

Answer 6

Caput succedaneum

Question 7

What is a subperiosteal hemorrhage that is soft, fluctuant, and well defined over one cranial bone because the periosteum holds the bleeding in place? (It is also due to birth trauma and is reabsorbed gradually, over time, without treatment.)

Answer 7

Cephalhematoma

Question 8

The tonic neck reflex in an infant occurs when ___.

Answer 8

• Supine; the head is turned to one side
• (extension of same arm and leg, flexion of opposite arm and leg).
• After ages 3 to 4 months, the head is maintained in the midline.

Question 9

During childhood, normal cervical lymph nodes feel ____ than an adult’s until after puberty, when lymphoid tissue begins to __.

Answer 9

• more prominent

- atrophy

Question 10

Palpable nodes less than __ are normal; they may be up to __ in size in the cervical and inguinal areas.

Answer 10

• 3 mm

- 1 cm

Question 11

Palpable nodes are:

Answer 11

• Discrete
• Move easily
• Nontender

Question 12

Parotid gland enlargement can be caused by a__?

Answer 12

• Blockage of a duct
• Abscess
• Tumor mumps
• AIDS.

Question 13

Facial characteristics that occur with Down syndrome can include:

Answer 13

• Upslanting eyes with inner epicanthal folds
• Flat nasal bridge
• Small broad flat nose
• Protruding thick tongue
• Ear dysplasia
• Short broad neck with webbing
• Small hands with single palmar crease

Question 14

Hyperthyroidism facial characteristics:

Answer 14

• puffy edematous face especially around the eyes
• periorbital edema
• coarse facial features
• dry skin
• dry coarse hair and eyebrows

Question 15

Exophthalmos facial characteristics:

Answer 15

• AKA (bulging eyes)
• thin, silky hair
• infrequent blinking
• a staring appearance.