Chapter 23 Flashcards
Intermediate or Definitive Host?: mature, often sexual, forms present and usually reproducing
definitive host
Intermediate or Definitive Host?: immature forms go through various stages of maturation, may be one or more hosts
intermediate host
Parasites infect through three ways: ingestion, _____-borne transmission, and direct contact and penetration of skin or ____ membranes
vector-borne
mucous
Trophozoite and Cyst are two _____ forms of ____ parasites of humans
morphological
protozoan
Cyst or Trophozoite?: infective form, dromant, can survive in environment,?
Cyst
A cyst can become a ____ after its ingested?
trophozoite
Cyst or Trophozoite?: feeding and reproductive stage, lives within the host,
Trophozoite
A trophozoite becomes a ____ before leaving host in feces?
cyst
Balantidium coli is commonly found in ___ ____ _____
animal intestinal tracts
the most common host for Balantidium colo?
pigs
The only ciliate known to cause disease to humans?
Balantidium coli
Humans are infected with Balantidium coli through infected food or water contaminated with feces containing _____
cysts
What are the symptoms of Balantidium coli in healthy adult?
asymptomatic
Balantidium coli cause a disease called Balantidiasis: this causes _____, _____ pain, and weight ______.
diarhhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Tetracycline is a treatment for Balantidiasis?
true
Name the protozoa? no truly defined shape, move and aquire food using pseudopodia, found in freshwater, seawater?
Amoebae
Do many or few amoebae cause disease?
few
The most important amoebic pathogen of humans is: Leishmania or Entamoeba histolytica?
Entamoeba hystoltica
Entamoeba hystoltica is carried _____ in the digestive tracts of humans
asymptomatically
Entamoeba hystoltica usually acquired by drinking cotaminated ____
water
Entamoeba hystoltica causes diseases: luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis. T/F
true
luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis: which one is the most serious causing infection of peritoneal cavity and bloodstream, causes lesions in liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and brain.
Invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis
luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis: which is asymptomatic and causes an infection of lumen of intestine and little damage?
luminal amebiasis
luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis: which is more common, severe diarhhea, colitis, appendicitis, ulceration of intestinal mucosa, bloody mucous stools, death if untreated?
amebic dysentery
Acanthamoeba and Naegleria: these are common free-living inhabiatants of natural and artifical ____ systems?
water
Acanthamoeba and Naegleria can be found in air conditioners, humidifiers, and dialysis untis. May infect individuals who…?
store contacts in tap water
Acanthamoeba disease or Naegleria disease?: abrasions of conjunctiva by contact lenses or trauma
Acanthamoeba
Acanthamoeba disease or Naegleria disease?: Which is where trophozoites invade nasla mucosa and replicate?
Naegleria
Name the protoazoa?: posses at least one long flagellum for movement.
Flagellates
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent for ____ disease
Chagas
Primary resovoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi are?
armadillos and possums
How do you get chagas disease?
bite of “kissing bugs”
Trypanosoma brucei is the causitive agent for which disease?
African sleeping disease
The insect vector for African sleeping disease is?
Tsetse fly
These are the signs for which disease? Acute stage characterized by swelling at site of bite.
Generalized stage – Fever, swollen lymph nodes, myocarditis, enlargement of spleen, esphagus, and colon. Chronic stage – Asymptomatic, lasts for years. Symptomatic stage – Form clusters of reproductive form in heart muscle tissue followed by congestive heart failure and death?
Chagas disease
Presence of infective form in hindgut of kissing bug 4 wks after letting an uninfected bug feed on patient… this is called?
Xenodiagnosis
Microscopic identification of circulating form or their antigens in blood, lymph, spinal fluid, or biopsied tissue is a diagnosis fo which disease?
chagas
Leishmania is the causitive agent Leishmaniasis. Its insect vector is the _____ and common hosts include wild and domestic ___
sandfly
dogs
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis (AKA, kalaazar): which is parasite is spread by macrophages to liver, spleen, bone marrow, inflammation fever wight loss anemia, increase in severity as disease progresses?
visceral leishmaniasis aka kalaazar
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis (AKA, kalaazar): whic is large painless skin ulcers, that leave a scar behind?
cutaneous
Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis (AKA, kalaazar) which is skinlesions enlarge to encompass mucous membranes of mouth, nose, soft palate. severe tissue damage and permanent disfigurement?
Mucocutaneous
Giardia intestinalis or Trichomonas, which has two nuclei of equal size?
Giardia
Giardia has how many pairs of flagella?
4 pairs
Giardia can be found where in animals and humans?
intestinal tracts
Giardia can be found in ____, soil and ____ and surfaces contaminated with ____
water, soild and food,
feces
Giardia intestinalis is infection by ingestion of ___ in conatminated drinking or swimming water
cysts
Who is at high risk for Giardia?
hikers and pets
Which is one of the most common waterborne gastrointestinal disease in the US?
giardia intestinalis
symptoms of Giardia? ____ and ____ issues
diarhhea and abdominal issues
this is diagnosis of what?: microscopic examination of stool. flat pear shaped trophozoites resembling a face?
Giardia
Prevention of Giardia? ___ the ____ and good____
filter the water, good hygeine
Trichomonas vaginalis is causitive agent for vaginosis and it is a obligate ____
parasite
Trichomonas vaginalis in men usually causes infections of ____ and ____
urethras and prostates
Diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis is actively motile ____ in vaginal and urethric secretions.
trophozoites
Which Protoza? alveolate, infective form characterized by complex of organelles at their apical end. non motile, spore-like form during part of life cycle, involves two types of hosts, Schizogony, parasites of animals?
Apicomplexans
Plasmodium is the cauistive agent for ____
malaria
Malaria vectors include female Anophelse ____
mosquitoes
This is the life cycle of which Apicomplexan? Infection of liver cells then infection of RBC’s then transmission by female mosquitoes
Plasmodium ( malaria)
Sickle cell trait, Hemoglobin C trait, Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase eficiency, lack of Duffy antigens on erythrocytes are all traits that help resist _____
Malaria
Blackwater fever caused by P. falciparum P. Plasmodium?
P.falciparum
High fever, RBC lysis, renal failure, dark urine, infected RBC block blood flow causing hemorrhages and tissue death. Which disease?
Blackwater fever
Presence of ringed trophozoites inside RBC is diagnosis for ?
Plasmodium
prevention of Plasmodium? avoid ____
avoid mosquitoes
One of the worlds most widely distributed parasites is?
Toxoplamsa gondii
Major reservoirs for toxoplasma? wild and domestic ____ and ____
mammals and birds
A definitive host for toxoplasma is?
Cats
Humans are usually infected with Toxoplamsa by eating ____ _____
undercooked meats
Taxoplasmosis is usually ____ and resolves ___
asymptomatic and resolves itself
Taxoplasmosis is more severe in ____ (not AIDS patients question)
fetuses
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonosis? and humans carry the parasite _______
asymptomatically
Cryptosporidiosis is common in what type of facilities?____.
daycare
Cryptosporidiosis is common infectio by consuming contaminated _____
water
Cryptosporidiosis can cause severe ____ that can last up to two weeks
diarhhea
Cestodes, Trematodes, Nematodes are three groups of _____
helminths
Cestodes are ______
tapeworms
trematodes are _____
fluke (flatworms)
Nematodes are ____
roundworms
Cestodes (__[a]___) are flat, segmented _[b]___ parasites
a-tapeworms
b-intestinal
Scolex is a _____ organ ( it is not a ____)
attachment (not a mouth)
Helminths dnt need a mouth because they absorb nutrients through ?
skin
Whats behind the scolex?
neck region
Body segments on helminthe is called
Proglottids
Cestodes (____) have definitive or primary host which is a ____
tapeworms
human
Cestodes secondary host is a _____ animal
nonhuman
Cestodes (___)cause disease called ____
(tapeworms) Taenia
prevention for Taenia is?
cook meats
Trematodes (____) have a ventral _____
flatworms,
ventral sucker
Trematodes (____) intermediate host is ____
flatworms
snails
Fasciola is a trematode helminthe known as a ____ fluke
liver fluke
Fasciolas definitive hosts are ___ and ____ worldwide
sheep and cattle
Fasciolas in humans migrate to the ___ ___
bile duct
Schistosoma is a _____ fluke
blood
Schistosomiasis is endemic in many countries due to improved irrigation systems that provide comfort for ____.
snails
Schistosomiasis is common when people touch infected ____ and it enters through the ____
water
skin
Trematodes ( flatworms) cause chronic infection when they become ____
trapped
Ascaris lumbricoides is causitve agent for ascariasis, which is the most ____ ____ infection
common nematode
largest nematode up to ___ cm long
30
life cycle of which helminthe?
ingested in water or veggies, migrate through lymph to lungs, coughed into pharynx and swallowed, realesed in feces?
nematodes
If infected with a nematode you have _____
Ascaris
Enterobius vermicularis is commonly called ___ and found mostly in ___ _____
pinworm
school schildren
most common symptom with Enterobius vermicularis?
perianal itching
