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Microbiology > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Intermediate or Definitive Host?: mature, often sexual, forms present and usually reproducing

A

definitive host

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2
Q

Intermediate or Definitive Host?: immature forms go through various stages of maturation, may be one or more hosts

A

intermediate host

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3
Q

Parasites infect through three ways: ingestion, _____-borne transmission, and direct contact and penetration of skin or ____ membranes

A

vector-borne

mucous

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4
Q

Trophozoite and Cyst are two _____ forms of ____ parasites of humans

A

morphological

protozoan

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5
Q

Cyst or Trophozoite?: infective form, dromant, can survive in environment,?

A

Cyst

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6
Q

A cyst can become a ____ after its ingested?

A

trophozoite

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7
Q

Cyst or Trophozoite?: feeding and reproductive stage, lives within the host,

A

Trophozoite

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8
Q

A trophozoite becomes a ____ before leaving host in feces?

A

cyst

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9
Q

Balantidium coli is commonly found in ___ ____ _____

A

animal intestinal tracts

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10
Q

the most common host for Balantidium colo?

A

pigs

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11
Q

The only ciliate known to cause disease to humans?

A

Balantidium coli

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12
Q

Humans are infected with Balantidium coli through infected food or water contaminated with feces containing _____

A

cysts

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Balantidium coli in healthy adult?

A

asymptomatic

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14
Q

Balantidium coli cause a disease called Balantidiasis: this causes _____, _____ pain, and weight ______.

A

diarhhea, abdominal pain, weight loss

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15
Q

Tetracycline is a treatment for Balantidiasis?

A

true

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16
Q

Name the protozoa? no truly defined shape, move and aquire food using pseudopodia, found in freshwater, seawater?

A

Amoebae

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17
Q

Do many or few amoebae cause disease?

A

few

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18
Q

The most important amoebic pathogen of humans is: Leishmania or Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Entamoeba hystoltica

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19
Q

Entamoeba hystoltica is carried _____ in the digestive tracts of humans

A

asymptomatically

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20
Q

Entamoeba hystoltica usually acquired by drinking cotaminated ____

A

water

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21
Q

Entamoeba hystoltica causes diseases: luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis. T/F

A

true

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22
Q

luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis: which one is the most serious causing infection of peritoneal cavity and bloodstream, causes lesions in liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and brain.

A

Invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis

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23
Q

luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis: which is asymptomatic and causes an infection of lumen of intestine and little damage?

A

luminal amebiasis

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24
Q

luminal amebiasis, amebic dysentery, invasisve extraintestinal amebiasis: which is more common, severe diarhhea, colitis, appendicitis, ulceration of intestinal mucosa, bloody mucous stools, death if untreated?

A

amebic dysentery

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25
Q

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria: these are common free-living inhabiatants of natural and artifical ____ systems?

A

water

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26
Q

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria can be found in air conditioners, humidifiers, and dialysis untis. May infect individuals who…?

A

store contacts in tap water

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27
Q

Acanthamoeba disease or Naegleria disease?: abrasions of conjunctiva by contact lenses or trauma

A

Acanthamoeba

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28
Q

Acanthamoeba disease or Naegleria disease?: Which is where trophozoites invade nasla mucosa and replicate?

A

Naegleria

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29
Q

Name the protoazoa?: posses at least one long flagellum for movement.

A

Flagellates

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30
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent for ____ disease

A

Chagas

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31
Q

Primary resovoirs for Trypanosoma cruzi are?

A

armadillos and possums

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32
Q

How do you get chagas disease?

A

bite of “kissing bugs”

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33
Q

Trypanosoma brucei is the causitive agent for which disease?

A

African sleeping disease

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34
Q

The insect vector for African sleeping disease is?

A

Tsetse fly

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35
Q

These are the signs for which disease? Acute stage characterized by swelling at site of bite.
Generalized stage – Fever, swollen lymph nodes, myocarditis, enlargement of spleen, esphagus, and colon. Chronic stage – Asymptomatic, lasts for years. Symptomatic stage – Form clusters of reproductive form in heart muscle tissue followed by congestive heart failure and death?

A

Chagas disease

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36
Q

Presence of infective form in hindgut of kissing bug 4 wks after letting an uninfected bug feed on patient… this is called?

A

Xenodiagnosis

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37
Q

Microscopic identification of circulating form or their antigens in blood, lymph, spinal fluid, or biopsied tissue is a diagnosis fo which disease?

A

chagas

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38
Q

Leishmania is the causitive agent Leishmaniasis. Its insect vector is the _____ and common hosts include wild and domestic ___

A

sandfly

dogs

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39
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis (AKA, kalaazar): which is parasite is spread by macrophages to liver, spleen, bone marrow, inflammation fever wight loss anemia, increase in severity as disease progresses?

A

visceral leishmaniasis aka kalaazar

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40
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis (AKA, kalaazar): whic is large painless skin ulcers, that leave a scar behind?

A

cutaneous

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41
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis (AKA, kalaazar) which is skinlesions enlarge to encompass mucous membranes of mouth, nose, soft palate. severe tissue damage and permanent disfigurement?

A

Mucocutaneous

42
Q

Giardia intestinalis or Trichomonas, which has two nuclei of equal size?

A

Giardia

43
Q

Giardia has how many pairs of flagella?

A

4 pairs

44
Q

Giardia can be found where in animals and humans?

A

intestinal tracts

45
Q

Giardia can be found in ____, soil and ____ and surfaces contaminated with ____

A

water, soild and food,

feces

46
Q

Giardia intestinalis is infection by ingestion of ___ in conatminated drinking or swimming water

A

cysts

47
Q

Who is at high risk for Giardia?

A

hikers and pets

48
Q

Which is one of the most common waterborne gastrointestinal disease in the US?

A

giardia intestinalis

49
Q

symptoms of Giardia? ____ and ____ issues

A

diarhhea and abdominal issues

50
Q

this is diagnosis of what?: microscopic examination of stool. flat pear shaped trophozoites resembling a face?

A

Giardia

51
Q

Prevention of Giardia? ___ the ____ and good____

A

filter the water, good hygeine

52
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is causitive agent for vaginosis and it is a obligate ____

A

parasite

53
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis in men usually causes infections of ____ and ____

A

urethras and prostates

54
Q

Diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis is actively motile ____ in vaginal and urethric secretions.

A

trophozoites

55
Q

Which Protoza? alveolate, infective form characterized by complex of organelles at their apical end. non motile, spore-like form during part of life cycle, involves two types of hosts, Schizogony, parasites of animals?

A

Apicomplexans

56
Q

Plasmodium is the cauistive agent for ____

A

malaria

57
Q

Malaria vectors include female Anophelse ____

A

mosquitoes

58
Q

This is the life cycle of which Apicomplexan? Infection of liver cells then infection of RBC’s then transmission by female mosquitoes

A

Plasmodium ( malaria)

59
Q

Sickle cell trait, Hemoglobin C trait, Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase eficiency, lack of Duffy antigens on erythrocytes are all traits that help resist _____

A

Malaria

60
Q

Blackwater fever caused by P. falciparum P. Plasmodium?

A

P.falciparum

61
Q

High fever, RBC lysis, renal failure, dark urine, infected RBC block blood flow causing hemorrhages and tissue death. Which disease?

A

Blackwater fever

62
Q

Presence of ringed trophozoites inside RBC is diagnosis for ?

A

Plasmodium

63
Q

prevention of Plasmodium? avoid ____

A

avoid mosquitoes

64
Q

One of the worlds most widely distributed parasites is?

A

Toxoplamsa gondii

65
Q

Major reservoirs for toxoplasma? wild and domestic ____ and ____

A

mammals and birds

66
Q

A definitive host for toxoplasma is?

A

Cats

67
Q

Humans are usually infected with Toxoplamsa by eating ____ _____

A

undercooked meats

68
Q

Taxoplasmosis is usually ____ and resolves ___

A

asymptomatic and resolves itself

69
Q

Taxoplasmosis is more severe in ____ (not AIDS patients question)

A

fetuses

70
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonosis? and humans carry the parasite _______

A

asymptomatically

71
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is common in what type of facilities?____.

A

daycare

72
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is common infectio by consuming contaminated _____

A

water

73
Q

Cryptosporidiosis can cause severe ____ that can last up to two weeks

A

diarhhea

74
Q

Cestodes, Trematodes, Nematodes are three groups of _____

A

helminths

75
Q

Cestodes are ______

A

tapeworms

76
Q

trematodes are _____

A

fluke (flatworms)

77
Q

Nematodes are ____

A

roundworms

78
Q

Cestodes (__[a]___) are flat, segmented _[b]___ parasites

A

a-tapeworms

b-intestinal

79
Q

Scolex is a _____ organ ( it is not a ____)

A

attachment (not a mouth)

80
Q

Helminths dnt need a mouth because they absorb nutrients through ?

A

skin

81
Q

Whats behind the scolex?

A

neck region

82
Q

Body segments on helminthe is called

A

Proglottids

83
Q

Cestodes (____) have definitive or primary host which is a ____

A

tapeworms

human

84
Q

Cestodes secondary host is a _____ animal

A

nonhuman

85
Q

Cestodes (___)cause disease called ____

A

(tapeworms) Taenia

86
Q

prevention for Taenia is?

A

cook meats

87
Q

Trematodes (____) have a ventral _____

A

flatworms,

ventral sucker

88
Q

Trematodes (____) intermediate host is ____

A

flatworms

snails

89
Q

Fasciola is a trematode helminthe known as a ____ fluke

A

liver fluke

90
Q

Fasciolas definitive hosts are ___ and ____ worldwide

A

sheep and cattle

91
Q

Fasciolas in humans migrate to the ___ ___

A

bile duct

92
Q

Schistosoma is a _____ fluke

A

blood

93
Q

Schistosomiasis is endemic in many countries due to improved irrigation systems that provide comfort for ____.

A

snails

94
Q

Schistosomiasis is common when people touch infected ____ and it enters through the ____

A

water

skin

95
Q

Trematodes ( flatworms) cause chronic infection when they become ____

A

trapped

96
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides is causitve agent for ascariasis, which is the most ____ ____ infection

A

common nematode

97
Q

largest nematode up to ___ cm long

A

30

98
Q

life cycle of which helminthe?

ingested in water or veggies, migrate through lymph to lungs, coughed into pharynx and swallowed, realesed in feces?

A

nematodes

99
Q

If infected with a nematode you have _____

A

Ascaris

100
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is commonly called ___ and found mostly in ___ _____

A

pinworm

school schildren

101
Q

most common symptom with Enterobius vermicularis?

A

perianal itching

Microbiology (10 decks)

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