Chapter 20 Flashcards
Gram Positive/Negative constitute for the largest group of human bacterial pathogens?
Gram negatives
lipid A is found in what structure of the bacterial cell?
bacterial cell wall
Most dangerous pathogens are ones that can breach skin, grow at 37C and evade the immune system. These usually lead to what two things?
disease and death
The only genus of GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI that regularly causes disease in humans? Enterobacteria/Neisseria?
Neisseria
Neisseria is often formed as DIploBacilli/Diplococci?
diplococci
Neisseria is _____ positive, which distinguishes it from many gram-negative pathogens (hint- a metabolic enzyme)
oxidase positive (cytochrome oxidase)
The two species of Neisseria that are pathogenic to humans are N. _____ and N._____
N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis
Are Neisseria suseptible to drying out and temp extremes?
YES. cannot survive on toilet seat
The Gonococcus: Neisseria gonorrhoeae attches to lining of [a]____ _____. but not to linings of [b] ____ ____
a- male urethra
b- female vagina
Infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in older children is strong evidence of?
sexual abuse
Neisseria gonorrhoeae more prevalent in which race? and overall more common in males or females?
african americans
females
Gonorrhea in men is _____ and in females is often _____
painful
asymptomatic
If you have gram negative diplococci in pus from inflamed penis then you probably have:
gonorrhea
In The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis: the release of lipid A is done through Dying cells/Blebbing?
Blebbing (releasing extrusions of outer membrane of cell wall but bacterium stay alive)
The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis
can be normal microbiota of Trachea/Upper respiratory?
Upper resp
The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis
is transmitted by resp droplets and air. and those who are living
in poor healthcare system
Meningitis is _____ of the _____
inflammation of the meninges
Stiff neck indicates a sign of which disease?
Meningitis
Septicemia is caused by which species? Neisseria meningitidis/ Neisseria ghonnorrhoeae?
meningitidis
If you have gram negative diplococci in phagocytes of the CNS you probably have:
Meningitis
to distinguish between Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae you can perform a ____ test
oxidase test
Gram ____ bacteria cause the most nosocomial infections
negative
Enterobacteriaceae is also known as ____
enterics
Enterics are Gram ____
negative
enterics are pathogenic/nonpathogenic? Have Capsule/No capsule?
Pathogenic
Have Capsule
Enterics can be mobile. If they are they have Pleomorphic/Peritrichous flagella?
Peritrichous
Are enterics Faculative Anaerobes/Obligate Aerobes?
Facultative anaerobes
Enterics are Oxidase negative/positive?
oxidase negative
Genera of enterics can be distinguished based on Microscopic/Biochemical tests? and also by _____ characteristics on media.
Biochemical
colonial
The outer MEMBRANE of enterics contain _______?
lipopolysaccharides
Capsules, fimbriae/adhesins, exotoxins, iron-binding compounds, hemolysins, type III secretion systemare all factors of _____ in ____
virulence
enterics
____ are the most common gram negative pathogens of humans
enterics
Enterics are found in most intestinal microbiota of animals and humans. T/F?
True
You can differentiate between enterics on media between those that can and cannot ferment ____?
lactose
Prevention for enterics is ____ _____
nearly impossible
Pathogenic ______ are often classified into three groups: Coliforms, Noncoliforms opportunists, and true pathogens.
Enterics
Truly pathogenic enterics do/do not ferment lactose?
do not
Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia are Opportunistic/Truly Pathogenic enterics?
truly pathogenic
Salmonella is gram _____
negative
Shigella is primarily a parasite of the ____ tract
digestive
S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei: which is the most common in industrialized nations?
s. sonnei
S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei: which produces the most serious form of disease?
s. dysenteriae
Y. pestis is extremely ____
virulent
ENDEMIC hosts for the Bubonic Plague (Y. Pestis) are Rats, Mice, Voles/Cats, Dogs Rabbits, deer?
rats, mice, voles
AMPLIFYING hosts for the bubonic plague (Y. Pestis) are Rats, Mice, Voles/Cats, Dogs Rabbits, deer?
Cats dogs deer
How are humans infected with Y. Pestis (Bubonic Plague)
by fleas or direct contact with dead animals
Pasteurellaceae require heme or cytochromes for growth. T/F?
True
Pasteurella is normal microbiota found in oral and nasopharyngeal cavities of ____?
animals
Brucella is aerobic/anaerobic? bacillus/coccus?
aerobic
bacilli
Brucella melintensis cause a disease called brucellosis mainly in _____?
animals
Brucellosis causes ____ in animals?
infertitlity
Bordetella’s most important pathogen is called Brucella melintensis/or B. pertussis?
B. pertussis
Pertussis is also known as ____ _____?
whooping cough
Incubation, Catarrhal Phase, Paroxysmal phase, convalescent phase, are the stages to ____? Which is the most sever stage?
pertussis (whooping couch)
paroxysmal phase
pseudomonads are opportunistic/true pathogens?
opportunistic
Having _______ __ ______ is indicative of suffering from pseudomonas aeruginosa?
blue/green color on bandages
Pathogenic, Gram-Negative, Anaerobic Bacilli are predominant microbiota of what 4 body systems?
Gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive, and lower respiratory
Pathogenic, Gram-Negative, Anaerobic Bacilli are important because they inhibit the growth of most __[a]__? They also synthesize Minerals/Vitamins?
Vitamins
Pathogenic, gram negative anaerobic bacilli cause disease when …..
introduced to other parts of the body
Bacteriodes are normal microbiota of the intestines and upper respiratory tracts. They are involved in what 3infections?
abdominal, genital in women, wound infections of skin
Prevotella is normal microbiota of urinary, genital and upper respiratory tracts. they are involved in infections what 3 places?
sinus and ear, abdominal, brain abcesses
Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and vibrios differ from other gram negatives in __[a]___, __[b]__ habits, and __[c]___ strategy
a-morphology,
b-growth habits
c-reproductive
Rickettsias are very small and are obligate ectracellular/intracelluar parasites?
intra
