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Microbiology > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gram Positive/Negative constitute for the largest group of human bacterial pathogens?

A

Gram negatives

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2
Q

lipid A is found in what structure of the bacterial cell?

A

bacterial cell wall

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3
Q

Most dangerous pathogens are ones that can breach skin, grow at 37C and evade the immune system. These usually lead to what two things?

A

disease and death

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4
Q

The only genus of GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI that regularly causes disease in humans? Enterobacteria/Neisseria?

A

Neisseria

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5
Q

Neisseria is often formed as DIploBacilli/Diplococci?

A

diplococci

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6
Q

Neisseria is _____ positive, which distinguishes it from many gram-negative pathogens (hint- a metabolic enzyme)

A

oxidase positive (cytochrome oxidase)

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7
Q

The two species of Neisseria that are pathogenic to humans are N. _____ and N._____

A

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

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8
Q

Are Neisseria suseptible to drying out and temp extremes?

A

YES. cannot survive on toilet seat

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9
Q

The Gonococcus: Neisseria gonorrhoeae attches to lining of [a]____ _____. but not to linings of [b] ____ ____

A

a- male urethra

b- female vagina

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10
Q

Infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in older children is strong evidence of?

A

sexual abuse

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11
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae more prevalent in which race? and overall more common in males or females?

A

african americans

females

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12
Q

Gonorrhea in men is _____ and in females is often _____

A

painful

asymptomatic

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13
Q

If you have gram negative diplococci in pus from inflamed penis then you probably have:

A

gonorrhea

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14
Q

In The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis: the release of lipid A is done through Dying cells/Blebbing?

A

Blebbing (releasing extrusions of outer membrane of cell wall but bacterium stay alive)

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15
Q

The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis

can be normal microbiota of Trachea/Upper respiratory?

A

Upper resp

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16
Q

The Meningococcus: Neisseria meningitidis

is transmitted by resp droplets and air. and those who are living

A

in poor healthcare system

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17
Q

Meningitis is _____ of the _____

A

inflammation of the meninges

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18
Q

Stiff neck indicates a sign of which disease?

A

Meningitis

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19
Q

Septicemia is caused by which species? Neisseria meningitidis/ Neisseria ghonnorrhoeae?

A

meningitidis

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20
Q

If you have gram negative diplococci in phagocytes of the CNS you probably have:

A

Meningitis

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21
Q

to distinguish between Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae you can perform a ____ test

A

oxidase test

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22
Q

Gram ____ bacteria cause the most nosocomial infections

A

negative

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23
Q

Enterobacteriaceae is also known as ____

A

enterics

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24
Q

Enterics are Gram ____

A

negative

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25
Q

enterics are pathogenic/nonpathogenic? Have Capsule/No capsule?

A

Pathogenic

Have Capsule

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26
Q

Enterics can be mobile. If they are they have Pleomorphic/Peritrichous flagella?

A

Peritrichous

27
Q

Are enterics Faculative Anaerobes/Obligate Aerobes?

A

Facultative anaerobes

28
Q

Enterics are Oxidase negative/positive?

A

oxidase negative

29
Q

Genera of enterics can be distinguished based on Microscopic/Biochemical tests? and also by _____ characteristics on media.

A

Biochemical

colonial

30
Q

The outer MEMBRANE of enterics contain _______?

A

lipopolysaccharides

31
Q

Capsules, fimbriae/adhesins, exotoxins, iron-binding compounds, hemolysins, type III secretion systemare all factors of _____ in ____

A

virulence

enterics

32
Q

____ are the most common gram negative pathogens of humans

A

enterics

33
Q

Enterics are found in most intestinal microbiota of animals and humans. T/F?

A

True

34
Q

You can differentiate between enterics on media between those that can and cannot ferment ____?

A

lactose

35
Q

Prevention for enterics is ____ _____

A

nearly impossible

36
Q

Pathogenic ______ are often classified into three groups: Coliforms, Noncoliforms opportunists, and true pathogens.

A

Enterics

37
Q

Truly pathogenic enterics do/do not ferment lactose?

A

do not

38
Q

Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia are Opportunistic/Truly Pathogenic enterics?

A

truly pathogenic

39
Q

Salmonella is gram _____

A

negative

40
Q

Shigella is primarily a parasite of the ____ tract

A

digestive

41
Q

S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei: which is the most common in industrialized nations?

A

s. sonnei

42
Q

S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei: which produces the most serious form of disease?

A

s. dysenteriae

43
Q

Y. pestis is extremely ____

A

virulent

44
Q

ENDEMIC hosts for the Bubonic Plague (Y. Pestis) are Rats, Mice, Voles/Cats, Dogs Rabbits, deer?

A

rats, mice, voles

45
Q

AMPLIFYING hosts for the bubonic plague (Y. Pestis) are Rats, Mice, Voles/Cats, Dogs Rabbits, deer?

A

Cats dogs deer

46
Q

How are humans infected with Y. Pestis (Bubonic Plague)

A

by fleas or direct contact with dead animals

47
Q

Pasteurellaceae require heme or cytochromes for growth. T/F?

A

True

48
Q

Pasteurella is normal microbiota found in oral and nasopharyngeal cavities of ____?

A

animals

49
Q

Brucella is aerobic/anaerobic? bacillus/coccus?

A

aerobic

bacilli

50
Q

Brucella melintensis cause a disease called brucellosis mainly in _____?

A

animals

51
Q

Brucellosis causes ____ in animals?

A

infertitlity

52
Q

Bordetella’s most important pathogen is called Brucella melintensis/or B. pertussis?

A

B. pertussis

53
Q

Pertussis is also known as ____ _____?

A

whooping cough

54
Q

Incubation, Catarrhal Phase, Paroxysmal phase, convalescent phase, are the stages to ____? Which is the most sever stage?

A

pertussis (whooping couch)

paroxysmal phase

55
Q

pseudomonads are opportunistic/true pathogens?

A

opportunistic

56
Q

Having _______ __ ______ is indicative of suffering from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

blue/green color on bandages

57
Q

Pathogenic, Gram-Negative, Anaerobic Bacilli are predominant microbiota of what 4 body systems?

A

Gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive, and lower respiratory

58
Q

Pathogenic, Gram-Negative, Anaerobic Bacilli are important because they inhibit the growth of most __[a]__? They also synthesize Minerals/Vitamins?

A

Vitamins

59
Q

Pathogenic, gram negative anaerobic bacilli cause disease when …..

A

introduced to other parts of the body

60
Q

Bacteriodes are normal microbiota of the intestines and upper respiratory tracts. They are involved in what 3infections?

A

abdominal, genital in women, wound infections of skin

61
Q

Prevotella is normal microbiota of urinary, genital and upper respiratory tracts. they are involved in infections what 3 places?

A

sinus and ear, abdominal, brain abcesses

62
Q

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and vibrios differ from other gram negatives in __[a]___, __[b]__ habits, and __[c]___ strategy

A

a-morphology,
b-growth habits
c-reproductive

63
Q

Rickettsias are very small and are obligate ectracellular/intracelluar parasites?

A

intra

Microbiology (10 decks)

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