Chapter 13

Question 1

Acellular agents cause ___

Answer 1

disease

Question 2

Viruses, viroids, and prions are all _____

Answer 2

acellular

Question 3

Can Viruses:
1-Carry out metabolism?
2-Reproduce Independently?
3-Have cytoplasmic membrane?
4-Have organelles?
5-Have extracellular or intracellular states?

Answer 3

1 no
2 no
3 no
4 no
5 both

Question 4

the extracellular state of a virus is called a ____

Answer 4

virion

Question 5

they have a ____ surrounding nucleic acid?

Answer 5

protein coat

Question 6

protein coat is also called a ?

Answer 6

plasmid

Question 7

Intracelluar state the virus exists as ___ _____

Answer 7

nucleic acid

Question 8

Viruses can have what types of DNA?` but never?

Answer 8

DNA and RNA but never both!

Question 9

Generalist Viruses infect ___ kinds of cells in ___ different hosts

Answer 9

many many

Question 10

All organisms are susceptible to viral attack? T/F?

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Viruses that attack bacteria are called?

Answer 11

bacteriophages

Question 12

Capsids offer protection and means of _____

Answer 12

attachment

Question 13

Helical, Polyhedral. Complex are the three ____ ___

Answer 13

basic shapes

Question 14

Envelopes are acquired from ___ ___ during viral replication or release

Answer 14

host cell

Question 15

Envelope’s ____ & ____ often play role in host-cell recognition

Answer 15

proteins and glycoproteins

Question 16

Viral replication requires host’s ____ and ____

Answer 16

organelles and enzymes

Question 17

lytic replication usually ends in ___ of cell

Answer 17

lysis

Question 18

Attachment, Entry, Synthesis, Assembly and Release are stage of the ___ ____

Answer 18

lytic cycle

Question 19

Lysogeny (lysogenic) consists of after attachment and entry, Virus ____ is incorporated into bacterial ____

Answer 19

DNA and DNA

Question 20

Prophages are when phage DNA is not incorporated into bacterial DNA. True or false?

Answer 20

False. Is when it IS incorporated

Question 21

Induction occurs during the Lytic/Lysogenic cycle?

Answer 21

Lysogenic

Question 22

Induction is when ____ is cut out of bacteriums chromosome

Answer 22

Prophage

Question 23

what triggers prophage? things that damage ____

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

Presence of envelope around some viruses
Eukaryotic nature of animal cells
Lack of cell wall in animal cells: These are differences that occur in ____ viruses

Answer 24

animal

Question 25

In animal viruses, DNA viruses enter the ____

and RNA viruses often replicate in the ____

Answer 25

nucleus

cytoplasm

Question 26

In animal viruses, enzymes that are not provided by the cell are either part of the ____ or are transcribed from the virus’ ____

Answer 26

Virion

DNA

Question 27

dsDNA enters the ___ to be replicated?

Answer 27

Nucleus

Question 28

ssDNA requires a ____ to make DNA

Answer 28

one strand template

Question 29

Retroviruses uses the +____ strand as a template for making dsDNA

Answer 29

+RNA

Question 30

Retroviruses use a process called ___ ____

Answer 30

reverse transcription

Question 31

An example of a retrovirus?

Answer 31

HIV

Question 32

Synthesis for negative-sense ssRNA viruses the viral -RNA is the template to produce +RNA strand

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Negative sense ssRNA negative RNA used as template to produce ____ _____.
And positive RNA used as template to make ___ ____

Answer 33

+RNA

-RNA

Question 34

Enveloped viruses are often released by ____

Answer 34

budding

Question 35

Proviruses are ___ viruses

Answer 35

latent

Question 36

some latent viruses do not become incorporated into host ____, but some do

Answer 36

chromosome

Question 37

if a latent virus is incorporated into the chromosome, can it be removed? an example of this?

Answer 37

No.

HIV

Question 38

culturing viruses in a lab is done in order to develop ____ and ____

Answer 38

vaccines and treatments

Question 39

Mature organisms, embryonated chicken eggs, cell (tissue) cultures are three ____ systems

Answer 39

culture

Question 40

viruses can be cultured in bacteria, plants, and animals. T/F?

Answer 40

True

Question 41

chicken eggs are free of _____ ______

Answer 41

contaminated microbes

Question 42

proteins from the egg is what cause allergic reaction in some. T/F?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

Viroids are extremely _____, and ____ in shape. They are pieces of ____

Answer 43

small, and circular in shape.

pieces of RNA

Question 44

Viroids are infectious and pathogenic in ___

Answer 44

plants

Question 45

Virioids are similar to RNA viruses but lack a ____

Answer 45

capsid

Question 46

What can infect avocado, potato, cucumber, coconut palm?

Answer 46

Viroids

Question 47

Proteinaceous infectious agents are known as

Answer 47

prions

Question 48

Prions have ONE/NO nucleic acid?

Answer 48

none

Question 49

Cellular PrP protein is a normal cytoplasmic membrane protein in ___ cells

Answer 49

brain

Question 50

Prion PrP is the ___ causing form?

Answer 50

disease

Question 51

spongiform encephalopathies are caused by?

_____ diseases

Answer 51

Prion diseases

Question 52

BSE – Bovine spongiform encephalitis is commonly called?

Answer 52

mad cow

Question 53

Prions are transmitted through ___ ____

Answer 53

infected tissue

Question 54

Can prions be transmitted to other animals?

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

Only destroyed by incineration or autoclaving in 1 N NaOH (strong alkali) What can only be killed this way?

Answer 55

Prions

Question 56

Treatment for Prions?

Answer 56

none