Chapter 22: Vocab

Question 1

the name of underwear which was made out of a expensive linen cloth and generally only available to the wealthy due to the prohibitive cost.

Answer 1

Body Linen

Question 2

conflicting classes existed, in part, because many individuals came to believe they existed and developed an appropriate sense of class feeling.

Answer 2

class-consciousness

Question 3

a form of coal that was unlimited in supply and therefore easier and better to use.

Answer 3

Coke

Question 4

passed in 1799, these acts outlawed unions and strikes.

Answer 4

Combination Acts of 1799

Question 5

the location of the Great Exposition in 1851 in London, an architectural masterpiece made entirely of glass and iron, both of which were now cheap and abundance.

Answer 5

Crystal Palace

Question 6

the idea that countries should protect and foster their own businesses by imposing high protective tariffs on imported goods as well as eliminating tariffs within the country.

Answer 6

economic nationalism

Question 7

this act limited the factory workday for children between nice and thirteen to eight hours and that of adolescents between fourteen and eighteen to twelve hours.

Answer 7

Factory Act of 1833

Question 8

organized by Owen in 1834, this was one of the largest and most visionary early national unions.

Answer 8

Grand National Consolidated Trades Union

Question 9

a term used to describe the burst of major inventions and technical changes they had witnessed in certain industries.

Answer 9

Industrial Revolution

Question 10

because of the pressure of population growth, wages would always sink to subsistence level, meaning that wages would be just high enough to keep workers from starving.

Answer 10

iron law of wages

Question 11

handicraft workers who attacked whole factories in northern England in 1812 and after smashing the new machines that they believed were putting them out of work.

Answer 11

Luddites

Question 12

this act prohibited underground work for all women as well as for boys under ten.

Answer 12

Mines Act of 1842

Question 13

the name given to George Stephensons effective locomotive that was first tested in 1830 on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway at 16 miles per hour.

Answer 13

Rocket

Question 14

a spinning machine by James Hargreaves in 1765 that used six to twenty-four spindles mounted on a sliding carriage to spin a fine thread.

Answer 14

spinning jenny

Question 15

a breakthrough invention by Thomas Savery in 1698 and Thomas Newcomen in 1705 that both burned coal to produce steam which was then used to operate a pump, although inefficient they were still used successfully in English and Scottish mines.

Answer 15

steam engine

Question 16

a governments way of supporting and aiding their own economy by laying high tariffs on the cheaper, imported goods of another country, ex . when France responded to cheaper British goods flooding their country with high tariffs on British imports.

Answer 16

tariff protection

Question 17

a spinning machine by Richard Arkwright that had a capacity of several hundred spindles and used water power thereby required a larger and more specialized mill but the thread it spun was thicker, generally the thread was then spun on a Spinning Jenny to achieve the desired thickness.

Answer 17

water frame