CH 24 Vocab

Question 1

developed by English surgeon Joseph Lister, it was the idea that a chemical disinfectant applied to a wound dressing would destroy aerial bacteria.

Answer 1

antiseptic principle

Question 2

follower of the radical philosopher Jeremy Benthamite who taught that public problems should be dealt with on a rational, scientific basis and according to the greatest good for the greatest number.

Answer 2

Benthamite

Question 3

Freuds postulation that much of human behavior is motivated by unconscious emotional needs whose nature and origins are kept from conscious awareness by various mental devices.

Answer 3

defense mechanisms

Question 4

the idea, applied by thinkers in many fields, that stresses gradual change and continuous adjustment.

Answer 4

Evolution

Question 5

the idea, contrary to miasmatic theory, that disease was spread through filth and not caused by it.

Answer 5

germ theory

Question 6

period between 1750 and 1850 marked by a high number of illegitimate births by the 1840s, as many as one birth in three was occurring outside of wedlock in many large cities.

Answer 6

illegitimacy explosion

Question 7

highly skilled workers who made up about 15% of the working classes at the turn of the 20 th Century.

Answer 7

labor aristocracy

Question 8

the belief that people contract disease when they breathe the bad odors of decay and putrefying excrement

Answer 8

miasmatic theory

Question 9

the study of the compounds of carbon.

Answer 9

organic chemistry

Question 10

process developed by Louis Pasteur that suppressed the activity of living organisms in a beverage by heating it.

Answer 10

Pasteurization

Question 11

Auguste Comptes discipline of sociology, which postulated that each branch of our knowledge passes successively through three different theoretical conditions; the Theological, or ficticious; the Metaphysical, or abstract; and the Scientific, or positive.

Answer 11

positivist method

Question 12

literary movement which stressed that literature should depict life exactly as it was.

Answer 12

Realism

Question 13

a rigid gender division of labor with the wife as mother and homemaker and the husband as wage earner.

Answer 13

separate spheres

Question 14

group of thinkers popular with the upper middle class who saw the human race as driven forward to ever-greater specialization and progress by the unending economic struggle which would determine the survival of the fittest.

Answer 14

Social Darwinists

Question 15

a branch of physics built on Newtons laws of mechanics that investigated the relationship between heat and mechanical energy.

Answer 15

Thermodynamics