Chapter 22 Differential Reinforcement Flashcards
Differential reinforcement is a defining feature of _______ new behaviors
Shaping
All applications of entail ____________ ____________ reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement for another response class.
Differential reinforcement
The four most researched variations of differential reinforcement for decreasing inappropriate behavior are:
- Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI),
- Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA),
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), and
- Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)
Differential reinforcement of _______ ___________ reinforces behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the problem behavior and withholds reinforcement following instances of the problem behavior.
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
A practitioner using Differential reinforcement of ___________ _________ reinforces occurrences of behavior that provides a desirable alternative to the problem behavior but is not necessarily incompatible with it.
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
When escape from a task or demand situation is used as the reinforcer in a differential reinforcement procedure for reducing inappropriate behavior, the intervention is sometimes called __________ ________ ___________ __ ________ ________.
Differential negative reinforcement of alternative (or incompatible) behavior (DNRA or DNRI)
A practitioner using Differential reinforcement of _____ ___________ delivers a reinforcer whenever the problem behavior has not occurred during or at specific times.
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
____ is sometimes called differential reinforcement of zero responding or omission training
DRO
Four basic DRO arrangements
Fixed-Interval DRO (FI-DRO)
Variable-Interval DRO (VI-DRO)
Fixed-Momentary DRO (FM-DRO)
Variable-Momentary DRO (VM-DRO)
To apply a fixed-interval DRO (FI-DRO) procedure
(a) establishes an interval of time;
(b) delivers reinforcement at the end of that interval if the problem did not occur during the interval; and
(c) upon any occurrence of the problem behavior, immediately re-sets the timer to begin a new interval.
When reinforcement is delivered contingent on the absence of the targeted problem behavior during intervals of varying and unpredictable durations, a ________-________ ____ schedule is in effect.
Variable- interval DRO (VI-DRO)
Fixed-momentary DRO (FM-DRO) and variable- momentary DRO (VM-DRO) schedules use the same pro- cedures as interval DRO (FI-DRO, VI-DRO) except that ___________ ____ ______________ ___ ___ _______ ________ ____ ______ _____ _________ _____, rather than through- out the entire interval as with the whole-interval DRO.
Reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior only when each interval ends
DRL schedule is delivered following an __________ of the target behavior,
Occurrence
DRL schedules produce ____, consistent rates of responding.
Low
behavior analysts use DRL to decrease the rate of a behavior that occurs __ __________, but not to eliminate the behavior entirely.
Too frequently