Chapter 12 Negative reinforcement Flashcards

1
Q

An ________ ___________ contingency is one in which the occurrence of a response produces the removal, termination, reduction, or postponement of a stimulus, which leads to an increase in the future occurrence of that response.

A

Negative reinforcement

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2
Q

Behavior maintained by _________ ___________ produces a stimulus that was absent prior to responding,

A

Positive reinforcement

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3
Q

Behavior maintained by _________ ________ terminates a stimulus that was present prior to responding

A

Negative reinforcement

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4
Q

Negative reinforcement involves an _______ ___________, in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus.

A

Escape contingency

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5
Q

Behavior maintained by negative reinforcement is characterized by an __________ ___________, in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.

A

Avoidance contingency

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6
Q

Responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer.

A

Discriminated avoidance,

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7
Q

A contingency in which responses at any time during an interval prior to the scheduled onset of an aversive stimulus delays the presentation of the aversive stimulus

A

Free- operant avoidance

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8
Q

Stimuli whose removal strengthens behavior in the absence of prior learning

A

Unconditioned negative reinforcers.

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9
Q

A previously neutral events that acquire their effects through pairing with an existing (unconditioned or conditioned) negative reinforcer.

A

Conditioned negative reinforcers

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10
Q

The factors that determine whether a negative reinforcement contingency will be effective in changing behavior

A

(a) the strength of the contingency and

(b) the presence of competing contingencies.

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