Chapter 11 Positive Reinforcement Flashcards

1
Q

when a response is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus.

A

Positive Reinforcement

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2
Q

The _________ of reinforcement is essential.

A

Immediacy

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3
Q
Reinforcement can also strengthen the 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of behavior.
A

Duration,
Latency,
Magnitude, and/or
Topography

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4
Q

A _____ is a verbal description of a behavioral contingency

A

rule

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5
Q

Behavior controlled by a rule (i.e., a verbal statement of an antecedent-behavior-consequence contingency); enables human behavior (e.g., fastening a seatbelt) to come under the indirect control of temporally remote or improbable but potentially significant consequences (e.g., avoiding injury in an auto accident). Often used in contrast to contingency-shaped behavior, a term used to indicate behavior selected and maintained by controlled, temporally close consequences.

A

Rule-governed behavior

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6
Q

A Reinforcer is a __________.

A

stimulus

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7
Q

Reinforcing is property of a _________.

A

stimulus

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8
Q

Reinforcement is the presentation, of stimulus as a _____________.

A

consequences.

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9
Q

_________ are reinforced, not people.

A

Behaviors

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10
Q

The fact that a person does not have to understand or verbalize the relation between his actions and a reinforcing consequence, or for that matter even be aware that a consequence has occurred, for reinforcement to occur is known as

A

The automaticity of reinforcement.

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11
Q

A behavior– reinforcement relation that occurs without the presentation of consequences by other people

A

Automatic Reinforcement

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12
Q

A stimulus change that functions as reinforcement even though the learner has had no particular learning history

A

Unconditioned Reinforcers

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13
Q

A secondary reinforcer or learned reinforcer;
A previously neutral stimulus change that has acquired the capability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus–stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned reinforcers or conditioned reinforcers.

A

Conditioned Reinforcers

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14
Q

Neutral stimuli can also become conditioned reinforcers for humans without direct physical pairing with another reinforcer through a pairing process called ______ _______ _________.

A

Verbal analog conditioning.

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15
Q

A conditioned reinforcer that as a result of having been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers does not depend on a current EO for any particular form of reinforcement for its effectiveness.

A

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

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16
Q

Reinforcers are typically classified as:

A
Edible, 
Sensory, 
Tangible, 
Activity, or 
Social.
17
Q

The opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior (Watch TV) contingent on the occurrence of low-frequency (Finishing Homework) behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.
e.g: When you have finished your homework, you can watch TV.

A

Premack principle

18
Q

Premack principle AKA

A

Grandma’s Law

19
Q

A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement

A

Response-deprivation hypothesis

20
Q

A variety of direct, data-based methods used to present one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and then measuring the future effects on the rate of responding.

A

Reinforcer assessment

21
Q

When two or more contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviors

A

Concurrent Schedule Reinforcer Assessment

22
Q

Two or more component schedules of reinforcement for a single response with only one component schedule in effect at any given time.

A

Multiple Schedule Reinforcer Assessment

23
Q

The response requirements for reinforcement are increased systematically over time independent of the participant’s behavior.

A

Progressive-Ratio Schedule Reinforcer Assessment