Chapter 13 Schedules of Reinforcement Flashcards
A rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement, those environmental arrangements that determine
conditions by which behaviors will produce reinforcement
Schedules of Reinforcement
A schedule of ____________ _________ provides reinforcement for each occurrence of behavior.
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
__________ _________ is used to strengthen behavior, primarily during the initial stages of learning new behaviors.
Continuous reinforcement (CRF)
Some, but not all, occurrences of the behavior are reinforced in ____________ _________ _________.
Intermittent schedule of reinforcement.
Only selected occurrences of behavior produce reinforcement with an __________ ____________ __ _____________.
Intermittent schedule of reinforcement
A major goal of most behavior change programs is the development of naturally occurring _______, _________, or ________ to function as reinforcement.
Activities, stimuli, or events to
Intrinsic motivation,
Which seems to imply that something inside the person is responsible for maintaining the behavior.
OR
ABA reinforcement that is received by manipulating the Schedules of Reinforcement physical environment.
Require a number of responses before one response produces reinforcement.
Ratio schedules
Require an elapse of time before a response produces reinforcement
Interval schedules
The response ratio or the time requirement remains constant.
Fixed schedule
The response ratio or the time requirement can change from one reinforced response to another.
Variable schedule
A _____ ______schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a re- inforcer.
For example, every fourth correct (or target) re- sponse produces reinforcement on an FR 4 schedule.
fixed ratio (FR)
A _____ ______schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a re- inforcer.
For example, every fourth correct (or target) re- sponse produces reinforcement on an FR 4 schedule.
Fixed ratio (FR)
The size of the Fixed ratio influences the duration of the postreinforcement pause:
Large ratio requirements produce long pauses;
small ratios produce short pauses
A ________ _____ schedule of reinforcement re- quires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.
For example, with a VR 10 schedule every tenth correct response on the av- erage produces reinforcement.
variable ratio (VR)
A ________ _____ schedule of reinforcement re- quires the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer.
For example, with a VR 10 schedule every tenth correct response on the av- erage produces reinforcement.
Variable ratio (VR)
the VR schedule tends to produce a _____rate of response.
Quick
A _____ _________ schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for the first response following a fixed duration of time.
Fixed interval (FI)
FI schedules typically produce a _________ ________.
Postreinforcement pause
FI schedules tend to produce a _____ __ ________ rates of response.
Slow to moderate
FR schedules often produce ____ rates of response
High
A ________ ________ schedule of reinforcement pro- vides reinforcement for the first correct response fol- lowing the elapse of variable durations of time.
Variable interval (VI)
VI schedules of reinforcement tend to produce ___ __ ________ rates of response.
Low to moderate
When a _______ ____ is added to an interval schedule, reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI interval.
The participant will miss the opportunity to receive reinforcement if a targeted response does not occur within the time limit.
Limited hold