Chapter 22: DIagnostic Tests

Question 1

Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)

Answer 1

• demonstrates obstruction of airflow in lings
• Spirometry (determines severity and diagnosis of COPD; patient inhales deeply and exhales quickly as possible until maximal air is exhaled)

Question 2

Spirometry (Forced Vital Capacity)

Answer 2

• also know as FVC
• total volume of air exhaled
• time required for exhaling the air is also measured
• other determinations can be made from the middle to later parts of a FVC maneuver: determine the presence of small airway disease

Question 3

Spirometry (Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec)

Answer 3

• also known as FEV1

- volume exhaled in 1st second is reliable index of obstructive airway disease

Question 4

PaO2 levels

Answer 4

• Adult: 80-100
• Pregnant: 75-100
• Newborn: 60-70
• COPD: decreased

Question 5

PaCO2 levels

Answer 5

• Adult: 34-45
• Pregnant: 30-37
• Newborn: 35-45
• COPD: increased

Question 6

O2 Saturation %

Answer 6

• Adult: 98-100
• Pregnant: 95-100
• Newborn: 90-100
• COPD: Decreased

Question 7

Bronchial Provocation Tests

Answer 7

• controlled induction of bronchospasm by inhalation of various agents; then ventilations are measured
• allergens, histamine phosphate solutions, methacholine, nebulized distilled water
• Identify hyper-reactive airways and source of bronchospasm
• Done only with emergency support services
• Hyperactivity = FEV1 fall