Chapter 14

Question 1

Hemophilia

Answer 1

most commonly inherited coagulation disorder resulting in excessive bleeding. Hallmark of hemophilia is hemarthrosis (bleeding in joints)

Question 2

Hemophilia A

Answer 2

• caused by factor VIII deficiency
• treatment is cryoprecipitate or factor VIII concentrate
• x linked recessive disorder

Question 3

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 3

• an acquired hemorrhagic syndrome in which clotting and bleeding occur simutaneously
• causes may include trauma, malignancy, burns, shock, and abruptio placentae
• widespread clot formation in small vessels

Question 4

Signs of DIC

Answer 4

• fibronogen level and platelet count decreased
• increased bleeding time
• Elevated PT/INR/aPTT
• Elevated D-Dimer/Fibrin split products

Question 5

Treatment of DIC

Answer 5

• removal/correction of underlying cause
• support major organs
• Fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, platelets, or cryoprecipitate
• Heparin used to minimize further consumption of clotting factors

Question 6

Coagulation Tests

Answer 6

• CBC to identify anemia
• platelet count to identify number of platelets
• Peripheral smear indicates the number and gross morphologic characteristics of platelet function
• bleeding time evaluates vascular status and platelet function
• PT/INR asseses the extrinsic pathway of coagulation (how thin or thick blood is)
• aPTT assesses the intrinsic pathway
• D-dimer reflects fibrinolysis

Question 7

Anticoagulants

Answer 7

• drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood
• includes Antithrombin III (ATIII) and Protein
• coumadin
• heparin
• Vitamin K reverses coumadin
• Protamine reversed heparin