Chapter 21 - The Proton Motive Force

Question 1

proton-motive force

Answer 1

gradient where energy from e- transfer is conserved

Question 2

What provides the necessary energy for ATP synthesis?

Answer 2

the flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient

Question 3

ATP synthase

Answer 3

catalyzes the formation ATP from ADP and pi

Question 4

Where does ATP synthase get the energy it needs for the formation of ATP?

Answer 4

energy is derived from the flow of protons from the P side to the N side

Question 5

Where is ATP synthase found?

Answer 5

in the inner membrane

Question 6

What are the 2 functional domains of ATP synthase?

Answer 6

F0 and F1

Question 7

F0

Answer 7

pore that stands the entire membrane

-protons leak back into the matrix through F0 pore

Question 8

F1

Answer 8

spherical head on which phosphorylation of ADP occurs

-alternating a and B subunits

Question 9

B-ATP –>

Answer 9

B-empty (releases ATP)

Question 10

B-empty –>

Answer 10

B-ADP (can loosely bind ADP + Pi)

Question 11

B-ADP –>

Answer 11

B-ATP

Question 12

Glycolysis generates __ NADH in cytosol.

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Inner mitochondrial membrane is ___________ to NADH.

Answer 13

impermeable

Question 14

NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) can only utilize NADH in the _______.

Answer 14

matrix

Question 15

2 shuttles that transport reducing equivalents to mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 15

Malate-aspartate shuttle and Glycerol-3-P shuttle

Question 16

malate-aspartate shuttle

Answer 16

2.5ATP/NADH –> liver/kidney/heart

Question 17

glycerol-3-P shuttle

Answer 17

1.5 ATP/NADP –> skeletal muscle/brain

Question 18

Inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to ______ molecules.

Answer 18

charged: ADP(-3), Pi(-1), ATP(-4)

Question 19

adenine nucleotide translocase

Answer 19

an anti porter that couples the entry of ADP into the matrix and the exit of ATP from it

Question 20

phosphate translocase

Answer 20

symporter

Question 21

Compounds that inhibit electron transfer

Answer 21

• rotenone amytal
• antimycin A
• CN- and CO

Question 22

Target of rotenone amytal

Answer 22

prevent e- transfer from Complex I to ubiquinone

Question 23

Target of antimycin A

Answer 23

black e- transfer from cyt b to cyt c1 of complex III

Question 24

Target if CN- and CO

Answer 24

inhibits cyt oxidase of Complex IV

Question 25

Compound that inhibits ATP synthase

Answer 25

oligomycin

Question 26

target of oligomycin

Answer 26

inhibits F0

Question 27

Compound that inhibits ATP-ADP exchange

Answer 27

Bongkrekic acid (an antibiotic from mold Atracetyloside)

Question 28

Target of Bongkrekic acid

Answer 28

inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase

Question 29

Production of heat, instead of ATP in brown fat can be experienced by…

Answer 29

newborn humans and hibernating rodents

Question 30

Thermogenin (UCP-1)

Answer 30

uncoupling protein; generates heat by permitting the influx of protons into the mitochondria without the synthesis of ATP