Chapter 15 - Metabolism

Question 1

Energy is requires to meet which 3 fundamental needs?

Answer 1

muscle contraction, cell movement, and biosynthesis

Question 2

Metabolic pathways can be…

Answer 2

linear, branched or circular

Question 3

metabolites

Answer 3

intermediates in a metabolic pathways

Question 4

reactants and products are referred as..

Answer 4

substrates and products

Question 5

Usually, the first reaction of a metabolic pathways is…

Answer 5

irreversible, regulated and catalyzes a committed step

Question 6

In order to construct a metabolic pathway, what two criteria must be met?

Answer 6

• the individual reaction must be specific

- the pathway in total must be thermodynamically favourable

Question 7

A thermodynamically unfavourable reaction can be driven by..

Answer 7

coupling to a more favourable reaction

Question 8

The _____ step regulates.

Answer 8

first

Question 9

Metabolic pathways can be what two types?

Answer 9

• catabolic combusting carbon fuels to synthesize ATP

- anabolic using ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules

Question 10

amphibolic pathways

Answer 10

can function anabolic ally or catabolically

Question 11

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

total amount of energy in universe remains constant

Question 12

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

entropy always increases

Question 13

free energy

Answer 13

kind of energy that performs useful work at constant temperature and pressure

Question 14

deltaG*=

Answer 14

-RTln(Keq) or -2.3RTlog(Keq)

Question 15

ATP hydrolysis is…

Answer 15

exergonic

Question 16

ATP has a high phosphorylation-transfer potential because of what 3 key factors?

Answer 16

• charge repulsion
• resonance stabilization
• stabilization by hydration

Question 17

Which 3 molecules transfer high energy phosphate groups to ADP to create ATP?

Answer 17

• 1,3-BPG
• phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
• creatine phosphate

Question 18

High energy molecules contain what kind of bonds?

Answer 18

anhydride-phosphate bonds

Question 19

low energy molecules contain what kind of bonds?

Answer 19

ester bonds

Question 20

reduction potential

Answer 20

measures affinity for electrons

Question 21

Net potential is calculated as…

Answer 21

E’ for reduction reaction - E’ for oxidation reaction

Question 22

When looking at standard reduction potentials, affinity and signage…..

Answer 22

is same whether it’s being oxidized or reduced

Question 23

NAD+

Answer 23

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 24

FAD

Answer 24

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 25

Energetics of electron transfer equation

Answer 25

deltaG’=-nFE‘net