Chapter 21 (NOT FINAL) Flashcards
What was one of the main causes of war weariness in 1917-18?
Lack of vital foodstuffs, so the Nazis were determined not to make the same mistake.
When and what was Phase 1 of the war?
Blitzkrieg, September 1939 - June 1941
What message did Nazi propaganda convey in Phase 1 of the war?
That Hitler was a military genius responsible for the quick and easy victories of the German army against the Allies.
When did Germany defeat France?
June 1940
When and what was Phase 2 of the war?
The spreading war, June - December 1941
When did Germany declare war on the USA?
December 1941
When did the USSR launch a counter attack and halted the German advance?
December 1941
When did Germany invade the USSR?
June 1941
How was the invasion of the USSR presented to the German public?
As a racial war against Jewish-Bolshevism.
What undermined the Nazi propaganda that claimed the eastern front push was successful?
Letters home front soldiers on the front told a different story.
What did Nazi propaganda claim was behind the British, American, and Soviet forces?
A Jewish international conspiracy to destroy the Third Reich and the Aryan race.
What and when was Phase 3 of the war?
The turning of the tide, January 1942 - January 1943
What defeat was a major turning point in the war?
The defeat at Stalingrad.
Why was the defeat at Stalingrad a big blow to the Germans at home?
Goebbels had made out via his propaganda that victory was near.
What and when was Phase for of the war?
Total War, February 1943 - May 1945
What is Total War?
When the entire state, population and resources, are mobilised in the war effort.
When was Goebbels’ Total War speech?
February 1943
When did Germany surrender unconditionally?
8 May 1945
When were the D-Day landings?
June 1944
What was the main criticism of Goebbels’ Total War speech?
That it should have been done sooner as by the beginnings on 1943 it was clear Germany was struggling.
When was defeat accepted as inevitable?
August 1944
When did the Allied bombing campaigns begin?
March 1942
What gave the German people some brief hope in the face of relentless bombing?
Claims by Goebbels that the Nazis had developed some new secret weapons. These were the V1 and V2 rockets that had no impact.
What was the aim and impact of the Allied bombing campaigns?
To break the spirit of the German people and it did this to a great extent, but not completely.
What proportion of the civilian population was left homeless by the bombing and evacuation from the east?
1/4
When war broke broke out on 3 September 1939, what did Hitler impose on workers?
Wage reductions, bans on bonuses and overtime.
What was the impact of wage reductions and the ban on bonuses and overtime?
Workers were not happy and just a month later in October the Nazis were forced to lift the band and raise wages back to their previous levels.
What percentage of the workforce were women by May 1944?
51%
When was the defeat at Stalingrad?
January 1943
When was membership of the HJ and BDM made compulsory?
1939
