Chapter 19 Flashcards
When was the Anschluss achieved?
March 1938
How was the Anschluss described?
As a ‘bloodless victory’
What was the effect of the Anschluss?
It emboldened Hitler and the Nazis to pursue more radical policies.
When did Hitler acquire the Sudetenland area of Czechoslovakia?
September 1938
Who agreed to the German takeover of the Sudetenland?
Britain and France.
When did Hitler take over the rest of Czechoslovakia?
March 1939
When was the Nazi-Soviet Pact signed?
August 1939
What did the Nazi-Soviet Pact agree to?
The USSR would not oppose the German invasion of Poland.
When did Germany invade Poland?
1 September 1939
When did Britain and France declare war on Germany?
3 September 1939
When was the Decree of Registration of Jewish Property passed?
April 1938
What did the Decree of Registration of Jewish Property do?
All Jewish-owned property worth more than 5000 marks was confiscated.
What is meant by Aryanisation?
Nazi policy of removing all Jews and other non-Aryans from German cultural and economic life.
How many Jewish-owned businesses were there April 1938 compared with April 1939 after the passing of the Decree of Registration of Jewish Property?
40,000 in 1938; just 8000 in 1939.
What were all Jewish men forced to do in 1939?
Adopt the additional first name of Israel.
What were all Jewish women forced to do in 1939?
Adopt the additional first name Sarah.
When was the Reichkristallnacht?
9-10 November 1938
What happened on the Reichkristallnacht?
Jewish homes and businesses were looted and synagogues set on fire. Thousands of Jews were arrested, beaten up and killed.
What is a pogrom?
An organised massacre of an ethnic group; the Reichkristallnacht was a pogrom.
How did Nazi propaganda present the Reichkristallnacht?
They claimed ‘the National Soul has boiled over’.
Who made up the majority of those involved in violence and vandalism during the Reichkristallnacht?
SA and SS men who had been instructed to wear civilian clothes to make it seem like the public will.
How many Jews were killed during the Reichkristallnacht?
91
Who had to pay for the cost of repairs after the Reichkristallnacht?
The Jewish people who were the victims of the violence.
How much was the Jewish community forced to pay for the disruption to the economy during the Reichkristallnacht?
1 billion Reichmarks
What was seen as the solution to the Jewish problem from 1938 to 1941?
Forced emigration
Why did many Jews choose not to emigrate?
They saw the anti-Semitism of the Nazis as something that would pass and they considered themselves German first, Jewish second.
What was contradictory about the Nazi’s Jewish emigration push?
They were pressuring Jews to emigrate but at the same time making it hard for them to do so by stripping them of their wealth.
How many Jewish children were sent to Britain in 1938-39?
9000
Why did the outbreak of war in September 1939 change the situation of the Jewish problem?
The Nazis acquired new territories in western Poland that could be used to settle Jews, but they also acquired many more Jews in the process of invading new countries.
Why did the war allow the Nazis to act more radically with their race policies?
- The national emergency enabled them to act with dictatorial power.
- Propaganda whipped up hatred for Germany’s enemies.
- More land to settle the Jews in more Jews to deal with.
What was the General Government?
The area of Poland occupied by the Nazis in 1939 controlled by the Nazi Governor Hans Frank.
How did the Nazis intend to use the General Government area?
As a dumping ground for Poles and Jews displaced from areas that were to be colonised by ethnic Germans.
What was the Madagascar Plan?
The idea of removing all of Europe’s Jews and sending them to Madagascar.
How many Jews did the Germans plan to send to Madagascar?
4 million
Was Madagascar intended to be a new permanent home for Jews?
No. Conditions were meant to be harsh, leading to the elimination of the Jews through natural causes in the long term.
Why was the Madagascar Plan decided against?
Operation Barbarossa would allow Germany to send the Jews into Siberia after they conquered the USSR.
Why does the existence of the Madagascar Plan suggest?
That the Nazis had not yet decided on the Final Solution and the attempt to exterminate all Jews; on the other hand, if the Madagascar Plan had gone ahead, it was hoped the Jews would die out there anyway. So even if the means by which the Jews would be eliminated had not been determined, the ultimate aim of killing them all was still fixed.
