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World History 9 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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0
Q

During the first Industrial Revolution ______ was the world”/ sole industrial giant

A

Britain

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1
Q

Led the way for the Second Industrial Revolution which transformed the economies of the Western World

A

The 20th Century

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2
Q

The two countries that led to industrial leadership were

A

Germany and the United States

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3
Q

Independently developed a new process for making steel from iron

A

William Kelly and Henry Bessemer

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4
Q

It removed carbon from steel making it lighter, harder, and more durable than iron, it could also be predicted cheaply

A

Bessemer Process

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5
Q

Became the major material used in tools, bridges, and railroads and steel production soared in industrialized countries

A

Steel

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6
Q

Invented dynamite-which was a much safer explosive material to use compared to others at the time

A

Alfred Nobel

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7
Q

Made Nobel extremely wealthy and thus funded the famous Nobel prizes to innovators, engineers, pioneers of their day

A

Dynamite

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8
Q

Developed the first battery around the year 1800

A

Alessandro Volta

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9
Q

Created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo

A

Michael Faraday

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10
Q

Is a machine that generates electricity

A

Dynamo

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11
Q

Made the first electric light bulb in the 1870s

A

Thomas Edison

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12
Q

By the 1890s ____ carried electrical power from dynamos to factories

A

Cables

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13
Q

Are intentional components that could be used in place of one another

A

Interchangeable parts

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14
Q

Parts were added to a product as it moved down a belt from one workstation to the next

A

Assembly line

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15
Q

During the Industrial revolution, ____________________ were transformed by technology

A

Transportation and Communication

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16
Q

Replaced sailing ships and the building of railroads boomed

A

Steamed Ships

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17
Q

Invented gasoline powered internal combustion engine

A

Nikolaus Otto

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18
Q

Received a patent for the first automobile (had only 3 wheels)

A

Karl Benz

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19
Q

Introduced the first four wheel automobile

A

Gottlieb Daimler

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20
Q

Started making models that reached the breathtaking speed of 25 miles per hour and also utilized the assembly line to mass-produce cars making the U.S. the leader in the automobile industry

A

Henry Ford

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21
Q

Designed and flew an airplane at Kitty Hawk (NC)

A

Orville and Wilbur Wright

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22
Q

Created the telegraph

A

Samuel F.B. Morse

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23
Q

This machine could send coded messages over wires by means of electricity

A

Telegraph

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24
Q

The first telegraph line went from

A

Washington D.C. and Baltimore

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25
Q

An undersea cable was relaying messages between Europe and North America called

A

Trans-Atlantic Cable

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26
Q

Patented the telephone

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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27
Q

Had experimented with the “wireless” transmissions

A

Nikola Tesla

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28
Q

Invented the radio

A

Guglielmo Marconi

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29
Q

New Technologies required the investment of

A

Large amounts of money (or capital)

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30
Q

Are shared in their companies to people called investors

A

Stock

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31
Q

Are business that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

A

Corporations

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32
Q

Had begun during the 1700s continued through the 1800s

A

Population explosion

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33
Q

Population increased due to

A

Death rate being declined drastically and medical advances and improvements in public sanitation also slowed death rates

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34
Q

Scientists theorized that certain microbes might cause specific infectious diseases, this was called

A

Germ theory

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35
Q

Showed the relationship between microbes and disease. Made contributions to medicine, including the development of vaccinations against rabies and anthrax. Also discover a process called pasteurization that killed disease-carrying microbes in milk

A

Louis Pasteur

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36
Q

Was the first used to relieve pain during surgery. Allowed doctors to experiment with operations that had never before been possible

A

Anesthesia

37
Q

Was an army nurse during the Crimean War, and she insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals

A

Florence Nightingale

38
Q

Altered the basic layout of European cities

A

Growing wealth and industrialization

39
Q

Rebuilding of the poor areas of the city took place in Paris in the 1850s

A

Urban renewal

40
Q

Chief planner for Napoleon III destroyed many tangled medieval streets full of tenements housing and in their place he built wide boulevards and splendid public buildings

A

George Haussmann

41
Q

Made urban areas much more livable

A

Paved Streets

42
Q

Were created and eventually electric street lights illuminated the night, increasing safety

A

Glass Lamps

43
Q

Cities also created _____________ for safety

A

Police and fire departments

44
Q

Pioneered a new struct, the skyscraper

A

Louis Sullivan

45
Q

Despite efforts to improve cities, urban life remained _____ harsh for the poor

A

Harsh

46
Q

Were self-help groups to aid the sick or injured workers

A

Mutual-aid societies

47
Q

By the late 1800s most Western countries had granted

A

All men the right to vote

48
Q

The main tactic of these unions was to

A

Strike or work stoppage

49
Q

Was often a result of strikers, particularly if employees tired to continue operating their business without the striking workers

A

Violence

50
Q

Measures the quality and availability of necessities of and comfort in society improved (even though their were many hardships)

A

Standard of Living

51
Q

Emerged by the late 1800’s

A

New Social Class

52
Q

Included very rich business people

A

Upper class

53
Q

The highest people on this social ladder was

A

Mid level business people and professionals such as doctors and scientist

54
Q

The lower middle, included

A

Teachers and office worker

55
Q

Were at the base of the social ladder

A

Workers and peasants

56
Q

Spent their time rising children, direction servants, and doing religious or charitable services

A

Women

57
Q

Supported a cult of domesticity-that idealized women and the home

A

Books, magazines, and popular songs

58
Q

Was a campaign to limit or bam the use of alcoholic beverages

A

Temperance movement

59
Q

Among Men some __________ supported women’s suffrage

A

Liberals and Socialist

60
Q

Developed the atomic theory. Showed that each element had its own kind of atoms. Also showed how different kinds of atoms combine to make all chemical substances

A

John Dalton

61
Q

A russian chemists drew a table that grouped elements according to their atomic weights

A

Dmitri Mendeleyev

62
Q

Stated that “nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud pebbles, or gives me any best place! And ain’t I a women?”

A

Sojourner Truth

63
Q

Reformed persuaded many government to set up _______ and require basic education for all children

A

Public schools

64
Q

In England schooling girls and boys between ages of ________ became a law

A

5-10

65
Q

Students would learn about “classical languages” Latin and Greek, history and math but in general only middle class families could afford to have their sons attend these schools because they trained for more serious study or for government jobs

A

Secondary Schools

66
Q

Educations for them did not include subjects such as science, mathematics, or physical educations because they were not seen as necessary subjects for them to learn

A

Girls

67
Q

Students who came from middle or upper class families

A

Colleges and Universities expanded in this period because of

68
Q

Trained student who would have the knowledge and skills to build the new industrial society

A

Engineering Schools

69
Q

Published his work called “On the Origin of Species”. Argued that all form of life, including human beings have evolved into their present state over millions of years

A

Charles Darwin

70
Q

Encourage racism, the unscientific belief that one racial group is superior to another

A

Social Darwinism

71
Q

In this religious movement Many Protestant church has to back to the social gospel -which is urged Christians to social services. Campaigned for reforms in housing,healthcare, and education

A

Social Gospel

72
Q

William Wordsworth, William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and others became part of a cultural movement. From 1750-1850. Is the artistic style emphasizing imagination, freedom, and emotion

A

Romanticism

73
Q

Used simple, direct language, intense feelings, and a glorification of nature

A

Romantic writers

74
Q

He was a mysterious melancholy figure who felt out of step with society

A

Hero

75
Q

Quoted “my joys, my grief, my passions, and my powers. Made me a stranger”. Was a larger than life figure that was equal to the characters he wrote about

A

Lord Byron

76
Q

Novels and ballads evoked the turbulent history of Scottish clans or medieval knights

A

Sir Walter Scott

77
Q

Re-created France’s past in novels like the Three Musketeers and the Hunchback of Notre Dame

A

Alexandre Dumas and Victor Hugo

78
Q

It was an attempt to represent the world as it was, without the sentiment, associated with romanticism. Artists often focused their work on the harsh side of life in cities or villages

A

Realism

79
Q

Vividly portrayed the lives of sly,s dweller and factory workers, including children

A

Charles Dickens

80
Q

Tells the story of a nine year old orphan raised in a grim poor house

A

Oliver Twist

81
Q

Moves form romantic to realistic novel. Revealed how hunger drove a god man to crime and how the law hound him after his work “Les Miserables”

A

Victor Hugo

82
Q

They rejected the romantic emphasis on imagination and focus on ordinary subjects, especially working class men and women

A

Painters

83
Q

Improved on earlier technologies to produce successful photographs

A

Louis Daguerre and William Fox Talbot

84
Q

Preserved vivid realistic record of the corpse-strewn battlefields

A

Matthew B Brady

85
Q

A new movement occurred in Paris during the 1870s

A

Impressionism

86
Q

Brushed strokes of color side without any blending

A

Claude Monet and Edgar Degas

87
Q

Arranged small dots of color to defame the shapes of objects

A

George Seurat

88
Q

Experimented with sharp brush lines and bright colors. His unique brushwork created dreamlike quality to everyday subjects j

A

Vincent Van Gogh

89
Q

Developed a bold personality style to his paintings, looked flat and resembled “primitive folk art”. His type of art evoked intense feelings

A

Paul Gauguin

World History 9 (17 decks)

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