Chapter 11 Flashcards
A grassy plain
Savanna
The largest desert in the world, covering almost all of North America
Sahara
Waterfall
Cataract
The process by which a desert spreads, often caused by climate change
Desertification
The root language of a diverse group of West African people who migrated into Southern Africa between 1000 B.C and A.D. 1000
Bantu
An ancient kingdom that flourished in present-day Sudan at the same time as the ancient Egyptians, from about 2700 B.C. to A.D. 350. Was invaded by the South of the kingdom of Axum in A.D. 350
Nubia
the Nubian capital after 500 B.C., which controlled the Nile’s north-south trade route and the east-west trade route from the Red Sea to North Africa. People mastered iron working and the city became a trade center
Meroë
More of something than is needed
Surplus
Valuable product
Commodity
A kingdom created around 800 A.D. In the V made by the Niger and Senegal river
Ghana
The sole survivor, according to tradition, of the Mandinka people who founded the empire of Mali by 1235
Sundiata
An empire in Africa founded in 1235 in the upper Niger River region
Mali
The greatest ruler of the kingdom of Mali, who came to throne in 1312 and led for 25 years. Conquered additional territory and converted Islam. Made the pilgrimage to Mecca and brought back Muslims scholars and architects to Mali
Mansa Musa
A kingdom that developed in the 1460s at the bend in the Niger River
Songhai
Trading center, and powerful ancient kingdom in northern present-day Ethiopia. Converted to Christianity in the 300s. This conversion strengthened the kingdom’s ties with North Africa and Mediterranean. However when Islam spread in the 600s, _____ became isolated and declined
Axum
an Axum port city on the Red Sea, one of two major cities in the kingdom that commanded a trade network in the region
Adulis
A Greek term used by Axumite kings to refer to their kingdom
Ethiopia
The ruler of Ethiopia in the early 1200s
King Lalibela
an East African language and culture that emerged by the 1000s from a combination of African, Asian, and Arabic influences
Swahili
powerful East African medieval trade center and city-state between 900 and 1500. Located in southern present-day Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe
Parents and children living and working together as a unit
Nuclear Family
A family system in which important kinship ties such as inheritance are passed through the father side
Patrilineal
A group whose members claim the same ancestry
Lineage
General agreement
Consensus
A professional storyteller who recited ancient stories in West Africa
Griot
Ghana
Notable City: Kumbi Saleh
Years: 800-1050
Mali
Notable City: Timbuktu
Years: 1235- 1400s
Songhai
Notable City: GAO
Years: 1464- 1591
A family system in which inheritance is passed through the mother’s side
Matrilineal
Worshipped their own gods and developed their own form of writing
Nubians
