Chapter 20: Urogenital And Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Question 1

Bacterial vaginitis

Answer 1

Causative agent: Gardnerella vaginitis
Characteristics: opportunistic (bc, menopause)
Signs/symptoms: inflammation of vagina
Treatment: antibiotics and flagella

Question 2

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Answer 2

Causative agent: S aureus
Characteristics: produces exotoxin
Signs/symptoms: sepsis and death
Treatment: ASAP with antibiotics

Question 3

Trichomoniasis

Answer 3

Causative agent: T vaginalis (large flagellated protozoan)
Characteristics: transmitted through contaminated toilet seats, towels, bed linens, sexual contact
Signs/symptoms: intense itching and white discharge
Treatment: flagella and antiprotozoan medication

Question 4

Candidiasis

Answer 4

candidia yeast = fungus

Question 5

Gonorrhea

Answer 5

Causative agent: Neisseria gonorrheae
Characteristics: bacteria infects white blood cells
Signs/symptoms: some have mild/none
males: green, yellow, white discharge from urethra, painful urination “green drip”
females: discharge from cervix
Treatment: antibiotics, some resistant strains

Question 6

Syphilis

Answer 6

Causative agent: Treponema pallidum (spirochete bacteria who;s only host is human)
Disease progression:
1. incubation: 2-6 weeks
2. primary stage: hard, painless lesions (chancres) at site of entry
3. primary latent period: chancres disappear and bacteria lies latent for a few weeks to months
4. secondary stage: papular rash (palms of hand and soles of feet)
5. secondary latent phase: can last years
6. tertiary stage: gumma formation - permanent damage, possibly in brain
Treatment: antibiotics EARLY

Question 7

Congenital syphilis

Answer 7

Women pass syphilis to babies

- causes permanent birth defects including notched incisors, perforated palate, saddle nose, saber shins

Question 8

Chlamydia

Answer 8

Causative agent: Chlamydia trachomatis
Characteristics: can spread to abdominopelvic cavity in women causing PIV, scarring, infertility, or sepsis
Signs/symptoms: some have mild/none, white discharge
Treatment: antibiotics (easy)
- most common notifiable disease in US

Question 9

Genital Herpes

Answer 9

Causative agent: Herpes Simplex virus (hsv2)
Characteristics: permanent latent virus, not life threatening
Signs/symptoms: cause painful lesions
Treatment: antiviral medications

Question 10

Neonatal herpes

Answer 10

When baby picks up virus in birth canal

- body is covered in lesions, sometimes fatal, but could cause permanent damage

Question 11

Genital Warts

Answer 11

Causative agent: Human Papilloma virus (HPV)
Characteristics: not life threatening
Signs/symptoms: warts (condyloma)
Treatment: Gardisil vaccine protects against HPV strains linked to cervical/throat cancers